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Podcast Overview
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🇨🇳
Publishing Since
5/2/2018
1 verified contact email on file for 不一YOUNG
Pitch yourself as a guest, propose sponsorships, or reach out directly to the host.
Recent Episodes
March 3, 2020
拿用户当员工使唤，某乎的奇葩运营方案
<p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal">欢迎加入我的<strong style="color:#FC5832;word-break:break-all;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight: normal;">知识星球</strong>一起学习、讨论：<strong style="color:#FC5832;word-break:break-all;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight: normal;">不一YOUNG</strong>（免费）</p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><img data-key="0" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group73/M06/68/C2/wKgO0V5eVHCCfy8zAAYYKCtYpCA817.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group73/M06/68/C2/wKgO0V5eVHCCfy8zAAYYKCtYpCA817.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group73/M06/68/C2/wKgO0V5eVHCCfy8zAAYYKCtYpCA817.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="3199" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group73/M06/68/C2/wKgO0V5eVHCCfy8zAAYYKCtYpCA817.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="597"><br></p>
September 12, 2018
复盘：组织读书会，为读书寻找几个现实意义
<p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="0" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M06/DC/DA/wKgKnFuZCTvg6ExgAACfi6vEaeU559.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M06/DC/DA/wKgKnFuZCTvg6ExgAACfi6vEaeU559.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M06/DC/DA/wKgKnFuZCTvg6ExgAACfi6vEaeU559.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M06/DC/DA/wKgKnFuZCTvg6ExgAACfi6vEaeU559.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="1" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M09/DC/E7/wKgKnFuZCU_AD9KGAADQzOIEYyk117.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M09/DC/E7/wKgKnFuZCU_AD9KGAADQzOIEYyk117.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M09/DC/E7/wKgKnFuZCU_AD9KGAADQzOIEYyk117.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M09/DC/E7/wKgKnFuZCU_AD9KGAADQzOIEYyk117.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="2" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0A/FC/6F/wKgKlFuZCV6Cykc5AABxT9vqaos958.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0A/FC/6F/wKgKlFuZCV6Cykc5AABxT9vqaos958.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0A/FC/6F/wKgKlFuZCV6Cykc5AABxT9vqaos958.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0A/FC/6F/wKgKlFuZCV6Cykc5AABxT9vqaos958.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="3" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0A/26/FC/wKgKjluZCWajh71iAAHMb3QI4nk236.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0A/26/FC/wKgKjluZCWajh71iAAHMb3QI4nk236.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0A/26/FC/wKgKjluZCWajh71iAAHMb3QI4nk236.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0A/26/FC/wKgKjluZCWajh71iAAHMb3QI4nk236.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="4" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M03/15/92/wKgKlluZCXajUSjrAACAQGx0ocY890.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M03/15/92/wKgKlluZCXajUSjrAACAQGx0ocY890.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M03/15/92/wKgKlluZCXajUSjrAACAQGx0ocY890.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M03/15/92/wKgKlluZCXajUSjrAACAQGx0ocY890.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="5" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/27/09/wKgKjluZCZKwCnIXAALtw-voiFc982.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/27/09/wKgKjluZCZKwCnIXAALtw-voiFc982.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/27/09/wKgKjluZCZKwCnIXAALtw-voiFc982.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/27/09/wKgKjluZCZKwCnIXAALtw-voiFc982.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="6" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/FC/85/wKgKlFuZCZmzlz3DAAB7ub_IFBQ540.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/FC/85/wKgKlFuZCZmzlz3DAAB7ub_IFBQ540.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/FC/85/wKgKlFuZCZmzlz3DAAB7ub_IFBQ540.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/FC/85/wKgKlFuZCZmzlz3DAAB7ub_IFBQ540.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="7" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/FC/8C/wKgKlFuZCaDTjy78AAGflEZRJfI449.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/FC/8C/wKgKlFuZCaDTjy78AAGflEZRJfI449.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/FC/8C/wKgKlFuZCaDTjy78AAGflEZRJfI449.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M0B/FC/8C/wKgKlFuZCaDTjy78AAGflEZRJfI449.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="8" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M05/DC/F2/wKgKnFuZCayDRXEzAAHjMEdmTmY003.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M05/DC/F2/wKgKnFuZCayDRXEzAAHjMEdmTmY003.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M05/DC/F2/wKgKnFuZCayDRXEzAAHjMEdmTmY003.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M05/DC/F2/wKgKnFuZCayDRXEzAAHjMEdmTmY003.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="9" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M02/00/FE/wKgKk1uZCcSwy9IfAAGtouYk5T8296.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M02/00/FE/wKgKk1uZCcSwy9IfAAGtouYk5T8296.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M02/00/FE/wKgKk1uZCcSwy9IfAAGtouYk5T8296.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M02/00/FE/wKgKk1uZCcSwy9IfAAGtouYk5T8296.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="10" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/01/0D/wKgKk1uZCenQtnOHAAFW95GsQHM099.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/01/0D/wKgKk1uZCenQtnOHAAFW95GsQHM099.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/01/0D/wKgKk1uZCenQtnOHAAFW95GsQHM099.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/01/0D/wKgKk1uZCenQtnOHAAFW95GsQHM099.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="11" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/01/1C/wKgKk1uZCf6AUCvcAAMtfxstv0c114.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/01/1C/wKgKk1uZCf6AUCvcAAMtfxstv0c114.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/01/1C/wKgKk1uZCf6AUCvcAAMtfxstv0c114.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/01/1C/wKgKk1uZCf6AUCvcAAMtfxstv0c114.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="12" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M0B/63/DE/wKgKlVuZChDAa7sQAAB4kwiCAr0179.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M0B/63/DE/wKgKlVuZChDAa7sQAAB4kwiCAr0179.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M0B/63/DE/wKgKlVuZChDAa7sQAAB4kwiCAr0179.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M0B/63/DE/wKgKlVuZChDAa7sQAAB4kwiCAr0179.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="13" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M04/15/A9/wKgKlluZCheBR_v7AAFhFK-yUgc550.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M04/15/A9/wKgKlluZCheBR_v7AAFhFK-yUgc550.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M04/15/A9/wKgKlluZCheBR_v7AAFhFK-yUgc550.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M04/15/A9/wKgKlluZCheBR_v7AAFhFK-yUgc550.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="14" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M00/63/E3/wKgKlVuZCiGAMhP9AAHKa76w6uo003.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M00/63/E3/wKgKlVuZCiGAMhP9AAHKa76w6uo003.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M00/63/E3/wKgKlVuZCiGAMhP9AAHKa76w6uo003.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M00/63/E3/wKgKlVuZCiGAMhP9AAHKa76w6uo003.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p><p style="font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;color:#333333;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="15" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M06/16/14/wKgKj1uZCjeyz4LTAABzUjTs2EU448.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M06/16/14/wKgKj1uZCjeyz4LTAABzUjTs2EU448.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M06/16/14/wKgKj1uZCjeyz4LTAABzUjTs2EU448.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="421" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M06/16/14/wKgKj1uZCjeyz4LTAABzUjTs2EU448.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="78"></p>
September 9, 2018
脑神经博士吴昊：DNA、自指、自打印程序
<p style="line-height:30px;hyphens:auto;color:#333333;text-align:justify;font-size:16px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight:normal;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><strong style="color:#FC5832;word-break:break-all;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight: normal;">作者：吴昊 | 西安交通大学人工智能与机器人研究所 | 脑神经博士</strong></p><p style="line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;color:#333333;font-size:16px;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><strong style="color:#FC5832;word-break:break-all;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight: normal;">本文已经作者授权，未经授权不得转载！</strong><br /><br />我们清楚，DNA能进行自我复制，是因为DNA中编码了复制自己的代码，实际上这种自我复制的机制并不简单，而且非常迷人。侯世达在其大作《GEB》中花了一章来讲述DNA的自复制机制。他指出，自复制的DNA和自指的句子有着某种相似性，而且都与人的自我意识相似。自我意识实际上就是一种自指的现象。<br /><br />接下来我们从自指的句子说起。什么是自指的句子，举例来说：<br /><br /><b>“本句子虽然很长，但是毫无意义。”</b><br /><br />上面这句话就是自指的句子，它说的是某句话冗长而空洞，而那句话恰好是它自身。这么来看自指的句子很容易构造，以“本句话”开头就行；这样我们还能轻松的构造出一篇自指的文章，只要文中有“本文”两个字就行。简单吗？至少表面如此。自指类似于一个循环，这种结构的自指实际上把大量的工作交给处于循环中的读者，它靠一个“本”字引起其读者大脑中的已有的处理自指的过程，而句子本身的结构实际上并不包括任何自指。这种自指类型没有向我们揭示出自指结构的复杂和奇妙，一切自指处理仍然是深藏在我们的大脑中。<br /><br />如何构造一个句子，仅仅通过分析其结构就能知道它是自指的呢？<br /><br /><b>“包含十四个字的句子可能是首诗。”</b><br /><br />上面这句话也是自指的。它的特点是，其中并不包括“本句子”，但是我们可以通过分析它的结构（数一数它自己的字数）就知道它说的是自己。现在已经离我们的目标近了一步，不过总觉得有什么不对劲。这个句子所描述的不仅仅是它自己，它实际上指向的是一大类句子，即所有由十四个字构成的句子。我们说的自指，更希望是自己精确地指向自己，而不是通过自己所属的类别来指向自己，犹如让一个人说说自己的特点，他却总是说人类有什么特点。<br /><img data-key="0" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/C1/E3/wKgKk1uU6znDfHdoAADdYGUgfNU552.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/C1/E3/wKgKk1uU6znDfHdoAADdYGUgfNU552.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/C1/E3/wKgKk1uU6znDfHdoAADdYGUgfNU552.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="489" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M09/C1/E3/wKgKk1uU6znDfHdoAADdYGUgfNU552.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="91" /></p><blockquote style="padding-left:15px;margin:10px 0px;color:rgb(102, 102, 102);border-left:5px solid rgb(232, 232, 232);font-size:14px;"><p style="color:#666666;font-size:14px;" data-flag="bk-span" lang="en"><span data-flag="bk-span" style="color:#666666;font-size:14px;">图1. (a) 精确的自指； (b) 指向自己的类</span></p></blockquote><p style="line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;color:#333333;font-size:16px;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><br />很容易弄明白这种自指结构的生成过程：句子可以任意长，主语是“包括XX个字的句子”，XX是包括“XX”在内的句子的长度。我们试着改进一下，让它更精确地指向自己：<br /><br /><b>“包含二十二个字的句子，其第一个字是“包”，可能是首诗。”</b><br /><br />范围已经缩小至以“包”字开头的包含二十二个字的句子，显然限定越多，指向的句子就越少。是不是通过这种方法最后能实现精确地自指呢？仔细分析就知道，用这种方法递归到无穷也得不到自指。为了描述原来的十四个字，我们加上了“其第一个字是“包””、“其第二个字是“含””等短语，可是这些加上的短语又成为了句子的一部分，为了描述它们，又不得不加上“其第X个字是“其””、“其第X+1个字是“第””等等，显然描述一个字就得增加好多个字，有穷乃至无穷的情况下都得不到自己对自己的完全描述。这种尝试很像是提着鞋带把自己提起来，无论如何也办不到。<br /><br />此路不通，我们再回过头瞧一瞧DNA的自复制原理，或许能受到些启发。自复制实际上就是自己打印自己，这个过程中显然需要能指向被打印的对象，也就是自指。DNA中并没有包含自描述的代码，就像上面分析的，<b>一个东西包含对它自己的每一部分的描述是不可能的</b>。DNA通过转录翻译生成蛋白质，然后由蛋白质再回过头来复制DNA，从而完成了一个DNA的复制循环。一个人不可能提着自己的鞋带把自己提起，但是他可以拉着单杠把自己提起。也就是，<b>自指的核心要素可能在于需要一个外部的翻译过程</b>。DNA只管生成蛋白质，不用管自复制的事情，而一部分特定的蛋白质恰好可以复制DNA，二者一旦结合起来，就会形成稳定的DNA和蛋白质的相互生成，站在DNA角度看，刚好就实现了自复制。<br /><img data-key="1" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M06/24/26/wKgKlVuU67KidrilAAEz-cEhLkE537.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M06/24/26/wKgKlVuU67KidrilAAEz-cEhLkE537.jpg?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M06/24/26/wKgKlVuU67KidrilAAEz-cEhLkE537.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="352" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M06/24/26/wKgKlVuU67KidrilAAEz-cEhLkE537.jpg?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="65" /></p><blockquote style="padding-left:15px;margin:10px 0px;color:rgb(102, 102, 102);border-left:5px solid rgb(232, 232, 232);font-size:14px;"><p style="color:#666666;font-size:14px;" data-flag="bk-span" lang="en"><span data-flag="bk-span" style="color:#666666;font-size:14px;">图2. 调用外部过程的自指循环</span></p></blockquote><p style="line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;color:#333333;font-size:16px;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><br />我们如法炮制（实际上是哲学家蒯因最先提出来的），定义一个对短语的变换：后粘。“后粘”是自己起的名字，意思是在后面粘贴（GEB一书中侯世达给变换起的名字叫“㧟摁”）。后粘，就是把一个种子短语放在它自己的后面形成一句话，举个例子：<br /><br /><b>“吃了饭要散步”吃了饭要散步。</b><br /><br />这句话把短语“吃了饭要散步”放在它自己的后面，形成了语义完整的一句话，意思是“吃了饭要散步”这个东西吃过饭之后要散步。<br /><br />我们选取种子短语D为“被后粘是一首诗”，看看把它后粘后是什么：<br /><br /><b>“被后粘是一首诗”被后粘是一首诗。 </b>——句子J<br /><br />称上面的句子为句子J，句子J语义完整，说的是某句子K是一首诗，而那句子是短语D被后粘形成的。我们根据后粘变换来生成句子K：<br /><br /><b>“被后粘是一首诗”被后粘是一首诗。</b> ——句子K<br /><br />句子K就是句子J！句子J说句子K是一首诗，那么它是确定无疑地说自己是首诗，句子J在自指。<br /><br />通过定义一个外部操作，我们实现了句子的自指，这和DNA与蛋白质配合实现DNA的自复制何其相似。<br /><br />了解了句子自指的精髓，我们就可以写出能自己打印自己的程序。这里以Matlab代码为例。可想而知，自打印的程序中必不可少的语句是“fprintf()”,下面这句话是行不通的：<br /><img data-key="2" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M0A/C1/F7/wKgKk1uU7AmTgjP-AAAGPNUuSLw096.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M0A/C1/F7/wKgKk1uU7AmTgjP-AAAGPNUuSLw096.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M0A/C1/F7/wKgKk1uU7AmTgjP-AAAGPNUuSLw096.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="183" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group47/M0A/C1/F7/wKgKk1uU7AmTgjP-AAAGPNUuSLw096.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="34" /><br />这句话执行后的结果是fprintf()，而：<br /><img data-key="3" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M05/24/2F/wKgKlVuU7CHwZfFJAAAImU_miw8867.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M05/24/2F/wKgKlVuU7CHwZfFJAAAImU_miw8867.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M05/24/2F/wKgKlVuU7CHwZfFJAAAImU_miw8867.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="119" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group48/M05/24/2F/wKgKlVuU7CHwZfFJAAAImU_miw8867.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="22" /><br />和上面的情况类似，也是行不通的。无论代码中嵌套了多少层fprintf()，打印结果总要少一层。实际上这种方法就是上文提到的自描述的方法。<br /><br />我们可以定义一个变量s，通过打印s就能打印出来包括s的定义在内的所有代码，结果如下：<br /><img data-key="4" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M00/D6/37/wKgKlluU7DaT7taWAAAX19niKq0462.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M00/D6/37/wKgKlluU7DaT7taWAAAX19niKq0462.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M00/D6/37/wKgKlluU7DaT7taWAAAX19niKq0462.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="158" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group46/M00/D6/37/wKgKlluU7DaT7taWAAAX19niKq0462.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="29" /><br />将上述代码保存到一个单独的.m文件中并运行，看看输出结果是什么。代码中出现了char(39)，是单引号的ascii码，想想为什么不直接用单引号而要用其ascii码，这一点和DNA与蛋白质相互成全的现象有关吗？另外打印出的代码中不包括注释行，如何修改代码能实现注释行也能正确的打印？<br /><br />作为对比，再试试下面简洁而不正确的自打印代码，看看它的问题在哪儿？</p><p style="line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-weight:normal;text-align:justify;color:#333333;font-size:16px;" data-flag="normal" lang="en"><img data-key="5" src="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M06/BD/7D/wKgKlFuU7FnSzRmBAAAQ6R7xVwg054.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" alt="" data-origin="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M06/BD/7D/wKgKlFuU7FnSzRmBAAAQ6R7xVwg054.png?op_type=0" data-large="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M06/BD/7D/wKgKlFuU7FnSzRmBAAAQ6R7xVwg054.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_large" data-large-width="750" data-large-height="212" data-preview="http://image.xmcdn.com/group45/M06/BD/7D/wKgKlFuU7FnSzRmBAAAQ6R7xVwg054.png?op_type=4&device_type=ios&upload_type=attachment&name=mobile_small" data-preview-width="140" data-preview-height="39" /></p>
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