September 9, 2025
在赣之客·上|我们提到的客家到底是什么?
<blockquote style="font-size:14px;margin:10px 0px;color:rgb(102, 102, 102);border-left:5px solid rgb(232, 232, 232);padding-left:15px;"><strong style="color:#FC5832;word-break:break-all;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight: normal;"><span><span><span>本期关注赣地的特别是赣南的客家认同与方言界定问题。基调是分享学界对赣客关系的成果,辅以各人经验。其次明确提出泛客问题,并为在赣之客以及泛客化问题提供一个可供查证的完整讨论链条。</span></span></span><span><span><br></span></span></strong></blockquote><blockquote style="font-size:14px;margin:10px 0px;color:rgb(102, 102, 102);border-left:5px solid rgb(232, 232, 232);padding-left:15px;"><strong style="color:#FC5832;word-break:break-all;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight: normal;"><span><span><span>背景:特别自20世纪90年代以前,赣地本土并无原生明确的“客家”意识,其后在以潜在经济利益及政府等文化建构推动下,部分人逐渐形成了一定的客家认同,同时与粤地等一同出现“</span></span></span><strong style="color:#FC5832;word-break:break-all;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight: normal;"><span><span><span>泛客家化</span></span></span></strong><span><span><span>”的现象。需要强调的是,赣南与其他地区一样,文化构成多元、复杂而丰富,其语言、民俗等元素并不能简单地被归入“客家”这一单一标签之下。</span></span></span><span><br></span></strong></blockquote><blockquote style="font-size:14px;margin:10px 0px;color:rgb(102, 102, 102);border-left:5px solid rgb(232, 232, 232);padding-left:15px;"><strong style="color:#FC5832;word-break:break-all;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight: normal;"><span><span><span>在叙事上该期播客采用“二次深入”的方式,即同一问题进行两轮探讨:首次提出基本观点,第二轮则</span></span><span><span>展</span></span><span><span>开更为深入和详细的分析。</span></span></span></strong></blockquote><span><br></span><hr style="border:0px;margin:20px 0px;background:#ddd;display:inline-block;width:100%;border-style:solid;height:1px;"><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><strong style="color:#FC5832;word-break:break-all;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;font-weight: normal;"><span><span>·话在面前·</span></span></strong></p><span><br></span><span><br></span><hr style="border:0px;margin:20px 0px;background:#ddd;display:inline-block;width:100%;border-style:solid;height:1px;"><span><br></span><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>00:00</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>人员介绍</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>赣北南昌的长铗 </span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>赣西新余的立强 </span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>赣东抚州的坤坤 </span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>赣南赣州的夏博、凌波 </span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>以及中途加入的其他朋友</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>03:50</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>结束预热正式进入主题,探讨“客家”“客家人”与“客家话”的</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>三</span></span><span><span>者</span></span><span><span>关系</span><span>。</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>09:20</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>“客家”概念起源于广东</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>珠三角</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>地区,简述在</span></span><span><span>珠江口</span></span><span><span>发生的土客问题。</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>13:10</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>引用刘纶鑫等香港及赣南当地(客家)学者观点强调</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>明清时期</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>是客家形成的关键阶段(而非传统的“中原起源”)。</span></span></span></span><span><br></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>16:24</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>客籍与客家的概念,依据具体情况</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>客籍不等同于客家</span></span><span><span>。</span><span>新的研究证明,“客家”是明代末年至清代初年以粤东为中心策源地的特殊移民的产物,与晋代“给客制度”、“侨客”无关,与唐宋时代簿籍的“客户”、“佃客”也没有传承关系。</span></span></span></span><span><br></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>20:30</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>分享将赣南的地方语言划归</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>客家话的语音依据</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>,同时指出赣南内部语言差异显著,且与赣语其他片区存在相似性,再从汉语方言分区的方法论层面展开分析。</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>25:05</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>分享客家话的主流语音标准,并通过与赣语(尤其是抚广片)对比,揭示赣–客方言之间的</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>复杂语音关系</span></span><span><span>及历史渊源</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>;进一步指出个人认同虽会影响语言归属判断,但认同本身也受政府等</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>外部塑造</span></span><span><span>。</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>28:53</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>介绍学界关于“赣–客是否应合为一大方言”的争论,指出赣客群体在历史上有共同生活经历,部分赣人南下后逐渐发展出中晚期语言特征。其中部分群体在特别是珠三角与本地人群产生冲突,从而在对立关系中形成现代意义上的“客家”身份;此后,因经济因素和政策引导,这一概念反向传播至梅州、闽西、四川和赣州等地,尽管这些地区的人群并未直接参与早期的珠三角冲突事件。</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>32:12</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>探讨“赣州话是否属于客家话”,分享指出当地人通常不以“客家话”自称,而多用“某地话”,同时强调</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>赣南</span></span><span><span>内部语言差异</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>,并以个人角度分享不同地区对自身方言的感知。</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>42:52</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>再次详细探讨</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>“赣语”的定义</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>及其语言学特征。</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>45:57</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>追溯政府如何推动的客家认同</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>建构</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>,分享黄志繁、周建新等学者的研究。</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>59:20</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>探讨赣地内部的语言相似性问题。</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>1:09:38</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>赣西赣东对话实例下的“</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>十里不同音</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>”之问。</span></span></span></span></p><span><br></span><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>1:34:08</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span><span><span>再问“</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>客家中原南迁</span></span></span></span><span><span><span><span>”论,类似迁徙历史同样适用于其他南方人群</span></span></span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span>···</span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span>中场休息</span></span></p><p style="color:#333333;font-weight:normal;font-size:16px;line-height:30px;font-family:Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;hyphens:auto;text-align:justify;" data-flag="normal"><span><span>····</span></span></p><br>