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Podcast Overview
Playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/4TlGQPW5ncXhLrgPD7cisJ List: https://twitter.com/i/lists/1255836045473574913
Language
🇨🇳
Publishing Since
3/25/2022
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Recent Episodes
March 28, 2022
儒法之争，中国思想的历史脉络 EP9
本期内容摘要： 推崇西体 学西之儒 清末启蒙 启蒙转向
March 25, 2022
儒法之争，中国思想的历史脉络 EP8
本期内容摘要： 00:00 - 26:19 西化冲动 中国西化程度世界罕有 印度除了西方的技术和政治制度，其他的东西都没有接受。还是穿传统服装，吃传统食物，种姓制度没有改变。 中国除了政治制度，其他内容，完全西化。秦制是唯一保留下来的东西。 中国为什么对向西方学习产生那么大的向往？ 传统观点的三段论：先学习技术，再学习制度，再学习道德心灵，改造国民性。 中原汉族王朝被夷狄打败，不止晚清这一次。历史上有过很多次。如果打败我们的就是先进的，为什么之前不向其他夷狄学习？ 挨打不能说明落后。中国历史上虽然一直被打败，即使丧失了军事信心，文化、文明信心却从未动摇过。 26:27 - 39:08 反法之儒 晚清精英叹羡西洋制度比中国正义 西方比大清仁义。晚清向西方学习的原因，郭嵩焘语：每叹羡西洋国政民风之美。 西方比中国仁义不是指国际关系，而是内政，是政府对待人民很仁义。 很多人对晚清社会政治很不满，尤其是对秦制不满，他们就是「反法之儒」，他们是中国最初向西方学习的推动者。他们在学习西方上有这几个特点： 一，学习西方是基于道德理想，带有古儒三代的色彩。功利主义的「富国强兵」是次要的。 二， 是「引西救儒」的思路，引进西方的制度摆脱儒家的困境。 三，主张学习「西本」、「西体」，西方的民主共和制才是最需要学习的「本」和「体」。 四，不太注意西方社会对个人权利的重视。他们不喜欢西方文化中的个性解放，个性自由，只喜欢民主和共和。 反法家是重要的启蒙运动。传统上把新文化运动称为启蒙运动。但是一般情况下，启蒙带来的思想解放是政治变革的前提。在中国，先有辛亥革命，再有启蒙运动，不合常理。所以，中国真正的启蒙有两次，一次是在辛亥革命之前，特点是反对「法里」，不反对「儒表」。 西方是反法家的现实支点。 谭嗣同：两千年来之学荀学也，皆乡愿也。 乡愿：贬义，墙头草，两面倒，趋炎附势。 乡愿的反义词是乡绅，乡举里选产生的小共同体代表，丛道不从君。「议会」最早在中国被翻译成「乡绅房」。 39:17 - 54:18 双面西洋 清政府怕美国风气败坏中国孩子 叹羡西方国政民风之美。郭嵩焘对西方大加赞叹。 美国民风败坏中国孩子。中国往国外派驻使节，有一正一副。这两人关系不好，互相监督。 清朝往美国公派留学生，年龄小，是留学童，初期是住在美国人家里。驻美正使陈兰彬一直向上报告，说这样做会让留学生沾染西方风气，腐化败坏。最终朝廷将第一批留学生中途召回，当时正处于他们要上大学的阶段。这批人中包括詹天佑，唐绍仪。 驻外外交官对外一套，保守固执。内心艳羡西方，都记在了日记里。 刘锡鸿日记记载：中国天下为家已更数千载，政令统于一尊，财富归诸一人。逐末之人，何得妄参国事。夷狄之道未可施诸中国。
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