About Biodiversité et écosystèmes (2022-2023) - Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo
Collège de France
Biodiversité et écosystèmes (2022-2023)
Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo
Année 2022-2023
Chaire Biodiversité et écosystèmes 2022-2023
Le monde vivant est fascinant. Sa complexité dépasse celle des machines les plus sophistiquées inventées par les humains et celle des objets matériels physiques. Devant les grands défis du XXIe siècle, il est nécessaire d'essayer de comprendre au mieux ce monde vivant et cette biodiversité, afin que la planète Terre continue d'être habitable par les humains. Ce cours analysera plusieurs caractéristiques du monde vivant qui ne sont pas intuitives et qui pourtant sont essentielles à sa compréhension : son ancrage dans un processus historique, ses interconnexions à de nombreuses échelles et ses trajectoires surprenantes au cours de l'évolution. Ce cours examinera également comment les séquences d'ADN et la domestication ont modifié notre perception du monde vivant, puis se terminera avec les différentes conceptions actuelles de la nature.
Colloque - Integrating Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology : The Genetics of Super-Organismal Adaptation
Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo
Biodiversité et écosystèmes (2022-2023)
Collège de France
Colloque - Integrating Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology : The Genetics of Super-Organismal Adaptation
Yannick Wurm, London, Queen Mary University of London, UK
22 May 2023
Colloque - Integrating Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology : An Ancestral Balanced Inversion Polymorphism Confers Global Adaptation
Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo
Biodiversité et écosystèmes (2022-2023)
Collège de France
Colloque - Integrating Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology : An Ancestral Balanced Inversion Polymorphism Confers Global Adaptation
Since the pioneering work of Dobzhansky in the 1940s, many chromosomal inversions have been identified but how they contribute to adaptation remains poorly understood. In Drosophila melanogaster, the widespread inversion polymorphism In(3R)P is involved in climate adaptation, exhibiting non-neutral latitudinal clines on multiple continents. Here, I summarize new results suggesting that this chromosomal rearrangement represents a long-term (equilibrium) balanced polymorphism of ancestral African origin and that it harbors alleles that are maintained by balancing selection on several continents. Our findings indicate that In(3R)P spread out of its ancestral subtropical/tropical range and then become latitudinally along similar but independent climatic gradients, always being frequent in subtropical/tropical areas but rare or absent in temperate climates.
Thomas Flatt is Full Professor of Evolutionary Biology and Head of the Department of Biology at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland. Thomas' research interests are the genomic basis of adaptation, population genetics, and the evolution life histories and aging, mainly using Drosophila as a model system. He received his M.Sc. from the University of Basel in 1999 (supervisor: Prof. Stephen Stearns), for work done at the University of Sydney with Prof. Richard Shine, and his Ph.D. from Fribourg in 2004 (supervisor: Prof. Tadeusz Kawecki). Between 2004 and 2008, he was a postdoctoral researcher at Brown University with Prof. Marc Tatar and a visiting postdoc with Prof. Neal Silverman at UMass Medical School, funded by fellowships from the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) and the Roche Research Foundation. Prior to taking up his position in Fribourg in 2017, he was a SNSF Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolution at Lausanne (2012-17), a Fellow at the Wissenschaftskolleg Berlin (2012), a faculty member of the Vienna Graduate School of Population Genetics and a tenured group leader at the Institute of Population Genetics in Vienna (2009-12). Between 2018 and 2021 he held a DFG Mercator Fellowship and Visiting Professorship at the University of Münster. He has been serving on numerous editorial, advisory and reviewing panels and, with Josefa Gonzalez (Barcelona), co-leads an international consortium of researchers, the European Drosophila Population Genomics Consortium (DrosEU). He currently serves as an elected member of the National Research Council, the scientific body of the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF).
22 May 2023
Colloque - Integrating Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology : How Do Genomic Architecture and Ecological Processes Interplay during Evolution? The Example of Chromosomal Inversions in Seaweed Flies
Virginie Courtier-Orgogozo
Biodiversité et écosystèmes (2022-2023)
Collège de France
Colloque - Integrating Evolutionary Genetics and Ecology : How Do Genomic Architecture and Ecological Processes Interplay during Evolution? The Example of Chromosomal Inversions in Seaweed Flies
Claire Mérot, université de Rennes, Rennes, France
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