9 Oct 2026
Episode 2 B1/2 Prefixes and suffixes
#2 B1/2 Prefixes and suffixes
Welcome back to Podcasts with English for French, with me, Alison. Today we’re taking a look into one of the most effective strategies for B2 learners to expand their vocabulary rapidly: Word Formation through Prefixes and Suffixes.
The Origins: Where Do English Word Building Blocks Come From?
To truly master English word building, it helps to understand where these affixes (prefixes and suffixes ) originate. Modern English is a hybrid language, but its affixes come primarily from two major sources:
Old English (Germanic Roots): These are native English building blocks like un-, mis-, -ful, and -less. They tend to attach to everyday core words (e.g., un-happy, help-ful).
Latin and Ancient Greek: Over 60% of English vocabulary—and up to 80% of academic and professional English—comes from Latin and Greek. Affixes like inter- (between), sub- (under), trans- (across), and -tion (action/state) entered English via French and Latin during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, which is why many words are transparent in French and English, the origin or etymology is the same.
Greek and Latin building blocks form much of English vocabulary, as they do in French.
How Knowing Etymology and Affixes Transforms Your Learning
Instant Decoding (Passive Vocabulary): When reading an article or listening to a podcast, you don't need a dictionary every time you see an unfamiliar word. If you know that trans- means across and -national relates to nations, you can instantly deduce that transnational means operating across border boundaries.
Grammatical Flexibility (Active Vocabulary): Suffixes tell your brain the exact grammatical slot a word fills in a sentence. Recognizing that –ize/ise forms verbs while -ity forms abstract nouns allows you to adapt your thoughts fluently without halting your conversation.
Exam Success exams test word transformation explicitly, whether Toeic, IELTS, Cambridge or Cloe. Knowing how Latin-based roots combine with prefixes and suffixes gives you a systematic approach to answering these questions correctly.
Expanded B2 Prefixes & Suffixes Reference Table
Here is an expanded set of high-frequency B1/2 prefixes and suffixes including their linguistic origin, functional meaning, base words, and transformed examples.
Type
Affix
Origin
Meaning / Function
Examples
Base Word
Préfix
un- / in- / dis-
Germanic / Latin
Opposite, negative
unhappy, incorrect, disagree
happy, correct, agree
Prefix
mis-
Germanic
Badly, wrongly
misunderstand, mislead
understand, lead
Prefix
re-
Latin
Again, back
reconsider, rewrite
consider, write
Prefix
over- / under-
Germanic
Too much / Not enough
overcooked, underestimated
cooked, estimated
Prefix
inter-
Latin
Between, among
international, interactive
national, active
Prefix
sub-
Latin
Under, below
subconscious, standard → substandard
conscious, standard
Prefix
trans-
Latin
Across, beyond
transform, transport
form, port
Suffix
-able / -ible
Latin
Able to be (Adjective)
readable, flexible
read, flex
Suffix
-ment / -tion
Latin
Action / State (Noun)
development, hesitation
develop, hesitate
Suffix
-ful / -less
Germanic
Full of / Without (Adjective)
careful, careless
care
Suffix
-ly
Germanic
Manner / Way (Adverb)
efficiently, fortunately
efficient, fortunate
Suffix
-ize (-ise)
Greek
To make / cause to become (Verb)
modernize, prioritize
modern, priority
Suffix
-ity
Latin
State / Quality of (Noun)
creativity, flexibility
creative, flexible
Suffix
-ous
Latin
Full of / Possessing (Adjective)
ambitious, hazardous
ambition, hazard
It is also important to understand the different stress we put on syllables in words (which syllable carries the t