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🔍 🎲 Welcome to 1PM, in this series we will be breaking down complex medical topics into their First Principles.
😟 When the stress is on, and you’ve just been asked a tough question you don’t know the answer to, we feel you’ll be able to fall back on these principles to formulate a decent answer and reason your way out of trouble.
It's just a swollen eye… right? 👀 But when does a simple eyelid infection become a sight-threatening emergency?
In this episode, we take a first principles approach to Periorbital and Orbital Cellulitis, breaking down the anatomy, pathophysiology, and clinical reasoning behind these two commonly confused conditions.
We discuss why the orbital septum matters, how a seemingly innocent sinus infection can spread into the orbit, and the key red flags that help you distinguish periorbital from orbital cellulitis. From proptosis and painful eye movements to RAPDs, imaging, and antibiotic management, we work through how you would approach a patient presenting with a swollen, red eye in the ED.
Whether you're on your paediatric or ophthalmology placement, preparing for OSCEs, or just trying to remember what lies behind the orbital septum, this episode will help you recognise when an eye infection is more than meets the eye.
=== Other links ===
Check out our 1PM Notion website for medical study notes, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodes!
1PM Website: https://1pm.notion.site/4510c91c17314baf8f6b8e30b59159bb?v=e9a7d53846c842ba9b0b79836ef6020a (https://1pm.notion.site/4510c91c17314baf8f6b8e30b59159bb?v=e9a7d53846c842ba9b0b79836ef6020a)
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicine (https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicine)
Recorded 19 August 2026. Hosts: Truman Lo, Titus Leong, Sithum Fernando, Eric Ny. Produced by Truman Lo.
7 Oct 2026
#45 - Pulmonary Embolism
Why does a clot in the lungs kill? It isn’t suffocation—it’s mechanical plumbing failure.
In this episode, we strip away all the confusing aspects surrounding Pulmonary Embolism and look at it through a first principles approach. We discuss a very famous triad, V/Q mismatches and how you would approach a patient that has just hopped off a long-haul flight and now has chest pain in the ED 👀 .
Whether you’re on the wards or prepping for exams, this is the fundamental physiological map you need before you ever order that CTPA.
=== Other links ===
1PM Website:
Check out our new website 1pm.wiki for the Notion document, free Anki flashcards, and podcast episodes
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/firstprinciplesofmedicine
Recorded 30 June 2026. Hosts: Titus Leong, Sithum Fernando, Eric Ny, Truman Lo . Produced by Titus Leong.
If you have any ideas or feedback, comment on this Notion document, or shoot us an email at hello@1pm.wiki
@ First Principles of Medicine 2026
Abdulla Ellagta and Danial Khong and Jason Fasser and Joe Curtin and Joshua Naylor and Maria Galletta and Norman Luyt and Saud Rana host the show. Published by 1PM.
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