“Gradient Descent" is a podcast that delves into the depths of artificial intelligence and data science. Hosted by Vishnu Vettrivel (Founder of Wisecube AI) and Alex Thomas (Principal Data Scientist), the show explores the latest trends, innovations, and practical applications in AI and data science. Join us to learn more about how these technologies are shaping our future.

Gradient Descent - Podcast about AI and Data
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“Gradient Descent" is a podcast that delves into the depths of artificial intelligence and data science. Hosted by Vishnu Vettrivel (Founder of Wisecube AI) and Alex Thomas (Principal Data Scientist), the show explores the latest trends, innovations, and practical applications in AI and data science. Join us to learn more about how these technologies are shaping our future.
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Publishing Since
3/6/2025
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Recent Episodes

June 3, 2025
A History of NLP and Wisecube’s AI Journey
Vishnu and Alex recount Wisecube's AI journey, highlighting milestones in NLP development, knowledge graphs, and healthcare applications, while reflecting on the evolution of AI; this is an interview.

May 13, 2025
LLM Fine-Tuning: RLHF vs DPO and beyond
<p>In this episode of Gradient Descent, we explore two competing approaches to fine-tuning LLMs: Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF) and Direct Preference Optimization (DPO). Dive into the mechanics of RLHF, its computational challenges, and how DPO simplifies the process by eliminating the need for a separate reward model. We also discuss supervised fine-tuning, emerging methods like Identity Preference Optimization (IPO) and Kahneman-Tversky Optimization (KTO), and their real-world applications in models like Llama 3 and Mistral. Learn practical LLM optimization strategies, including task modularization to boost performance without extensive fine-tuning. </p><p><br></p><p>Timestamps:</p><p>Intro - 0:00</p><p>Overview of LLM Fine-Tuning - 00:48</p><p>Understanding RLHF</p><p>Deep Dive into RLHF - 02:46</p><p>Supervised Fine-Tuning vs. RLHF - 10:38</p><p>DPO and Other RLHF Alternatives - 14:43</p><p>Real-World Applications in Frontier Models - 22:23</p><p>Practical Tips for LLM Optimization - 25:18</p><p>Closing Thoughts - 36:05</p><p><br></p><p>References:</p><p>[1] Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02155</p><p>[2] Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Model https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.18290 </p><p>[3] Hugging Face Blog on DPO: Simplifying Alignment: From RLHF to Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) https://huggingface.co/blog/ariG23498/rlhf-to-dpo</p><p>[4] Comparative Analysis: RLHF and DPO Compared https://crowdworks.blog/en/rlhf-and-dpo-compared/</p><p>[5] YouTube Explanation: How to fine-tune LLMs directly without reinforcement learning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k2pD3k1485A</p><p><br></p><p>Listen on:</p><p>• Apple Podcasts: </p><p>https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gradient-descent-podcast-about-ai-and-data/id1801323847</p><p>• Spotify: </p><p>https://open.spotify.com/show/1nG58pwg2Dv6oAhCTzab55</p><p>• Amazon Music: </p><p>https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/79f6ed45-ef49-4919-bebc-e746e0afe94c/gradient-descent---podcast-about-ai-and-data</p><p><br></p><p>Our solutions:</p><p>- https://askpythia.ai/ - LLM Hallucination Detection Tool</p><p>- https://www.wisecube.ai - Wisecube AI platform for large-scale biomedical knowledge analysis</p><p><br></p><p>Follow us: </p><p>- Pythia Website: https://askpythia.ai/</p><p>- Wisecube Website: https://www.wisecube.ai</p><p>- LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/wisecube/ </p><p>- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/wisecubeai</p><p>- Twitter: https://x.com/wisecubeai</p><p>- Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/pythia/</p><p>- GitHub: https://github.com/wisecubeai</p><p><br></p><p>#FineTuning #LLM #DeepLearning #RLHF #DPO #AI #MachineLearning #AIDevelopment</p>

April 29, 2025
The Future of Prompt Engineering: Prompts to Programs
<p>Explore the evolution of prompt engineering in this episode of Gradient Descent. Manual prompt tuning — slow, brittle, and hard to scale — is giving way to DSPy, a framework that turns LLM prompting into a structured, programmable, and optimizable process. </p><p>Learn how DSPy’s modular approach — with Signatures, Modules, and Optimizers — enables LLMs to tackle complex tasks like multi-hop reasoning and math problem solving, achieving accuracy comparable to much larger models. We also dive into real-world examples, optimization strategies, and why the future of prompting looks a lot more like programming. </p><p><br></p><p>Listen to our podcast on these platforms: </p><p>• <a href="https://youtube.com/@WisecubeAI/podcasts" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">YouTube</a>: https://youtube.com/@WisecubeAI/podcasts </p><p>• <a href="https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/gradient-descent-podcast-about-ai-and-data/id1801323847" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">Apple Podcasts</a>: https://apple.co/4kPMxZf </p><p>• <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/1nG58pwg2Dv6oAhCTzab55" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">Spotify</a>: https://open.spotify.com/show/1nG58pwg2Dv6oAhCTzab55 </p><p>• <a href="https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/79f6ed45-ef49-4919-bebc-e746e0afe94c/gradient-descent---podcast-about-ai-and-data" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">Amazon Music</a>: https://bit.ly/4izpdO2 </p><p><br></p><p>Mentioned Materials: </p><p>• <a href="https://youtube.com/@WisecubeAI/podcasts" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">DSPy Paper</a> - https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.03714 </p><p>• <a href="https://dspy.ai/ " target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">DSPy official site</a> - https://dspy.ai/ </p><p>• <a href="https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">DSPy GitHub</a> - https://github.com/stanfordnlp/dspy </p><p>• <a href="https://www.twosigma.com/articles/a-guide-to-large-language-model-abstractions/" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">LLM abstractions guide</a> - https://www.twosigma.com/articles/a-guide-to-large-language-model-abstractions/ </p><p><br></p><p>Our solutions: </p><p>- https://askpythia.ai/ - <a href="https://askpythia.ai/ " target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">LLM Hallucination Detection Tool</a> </p><p>- https://www.wisecube.ai - <a href="https://www.wisecube.ai" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">Wisecube AI</a> platform for large-scale biomedical knowledge analysis </p><p><br></p><p>Follow us: </p><p>- <a href="https://askpythia.ai/" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">Pythia Website</a>: https://askpythia.ai/ </p><p>- <a href="https://www.wisecube.ai" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">Wisecube Website</a>: https://www.wisecube.ai </p><p>- <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/wisecube/" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">LinkedIn</a>: https://www.linkedin.com/company/wisecube/ </p><p>- <a href="https://www.facebook.com/wisecubeai" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">Facebook</a>: https://www.facebook.com/wisecubeai </p><p>- <a href="https://x.com/wisecubeai" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">Twitter</a>: https://x.com/wisecubeai </p><p>- <a href="https://www.reddit.com/r/pythia/" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">Reddit</a>: https://www.reddit.com/r/pythia/ </p><p>- <a href="https://github.com/wisecubeai" target="_blank" rel="ugc noopener noreferrer">GitHub</a>: https://github.com/wisecubeai </p><p><br></p><p>#AI #PromptEngineering #DSPy #MachineLearning #LLM #ArtificialIntelligence #AIdevelopment</p>
6 total episodes available
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This podcast updates daily.
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This podcast is available on 4 platforms including Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and more. You can also use the RSS feed directly.
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Yes, this podcast regularly features guests.
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