What you will learn
This episode reviews the original paper proposing the Status Epilepticus Severity Score, or STESS score, for prognosis in adult patients with status epilepticus. It explains how consciousness level, seizure type, age, and seizure history were used to predict short-term mortality.
Key words
Consciousness impairment.
Non-convulsive status epilepticus with coma.
Negative predictive value.
Somnolent.
Stuporous.
Comatose.
Post-anoxic.
Source
Rossetti AO, Logroscino G, Bromfield EB. A clinical score for prognosis of status epilepticus in adults. Neurology. 2006;66:1736-1738.
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.
31 Jul 2026
Episode 9 | Epilepsy | Modified STESS
What you will learn
This episode reviews a study proposing the modified Status Epilepticus Severity Score, or modified S-T-E-S-S, for predicting mortality in adult patients with status epilepticus. It explains how adding baseline mRS may improve early risk prediction.
Key words
Status epilepticus.
S-T-E-S-S score.
Modified S-T-E-S-S.
Modified Rankin Scale.
Non-convulsive status epilepticus with coma.
Baseline functional status.
Source
Gonzalez-Cuevas M, Santamarina E, Toledo M, et al. A new clinical score for the prognosis of status epilepticus in adults. European Journal of Neurology. 2016;23:1534-1540. doi:10.1111/ene.13073.
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.
28 Jul 2026
Episode 8 | Epilepsy | Autoimmune Epilepsy
What you will learn
This episode reviews a prospective study on neurological autoantibodies in adult patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology. It explains why autoimmune epilepsy is clinically important and highlights red flags such as viral prodrome, faciobrachial dystonic spells, facial dyskinesias, and the APE score.
Key words
Epilepsy of unknown etiology.
Neurological autoantibodies.
Viral prodrome.
Faciobrachial dystonic spells.
Facial dyskinesias.
APE score.
Source
Dubey D, Alqallaf A, Hays R, et al. Neurological Autoantibody Prevalence in Epilepsy of Unknown Etiology. JAMA Neurology. 2017;74(4):397-402. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2016.5429.
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.
25 Jul 2026
Conversation 9 | Higher Cortical Dysfunction
What you will learn
This conversation introduces common types of higher cortical dysfunction, including aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, hemispatial neglect, memory impairment, and executive dysfunction.
Key words
Higher cortical function.
Aphasia.
Apraxia.
Agnosia.
Hemispatial neglect.
Memory impairment.
Executive dysfunction.
Source
Clinical neurological examination and standard clinical practice.
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.
21 Jul 2026
Conversation 8 | Autonomic Nervous System Examination
What you will learn
This conversation introduces common autonomic symptoms and basic points of autonomic nervous system examination, including orthostatic hypotension, bladder dysfunction, constipation, sweating abnormality, and pupillary response.
Key words
Autonomic nervous system.
Orthostatic hypotension.
Postural dizziness.
Urenary retention.
Bladder dysfunction.
Constipation.
Sweating abnormality.
Pupillary response.
Source
Clinical neurological examination and standard clinical practice.
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.
17 Jul 2026
Conversation 7 | Meningeal Signs
What you will learn
This conversation introduces how to ask about symptoms related to meningeal irritation and how to examine meningeal signs, including nuchal rigidity, jolt accentuation, Kernig sign, and Brudzinski sign.
Key words
Meningeal irritation.
Nuchal rigidity.
Jolt accentuation.
Kernig sign.
Brudzinski sign.
Photophobia.
Lumbar puncture.
Source
Clinical neurological examination and standard clinical practice.
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.
15 Jul 2026
Conversation 6 | Coordination Examination
What you will learn
This conversation introduces a basiccoordination examination, including the finger-to-nose test, heel-to-shin test,rapid alternating movements, and common cerebellar signs.
Key words
Finger-to-nose test.
Heel-to-shin test.
Dysmetria.
decomposition of movement.
Dysdiadochokinesia.
Intention tremor.
Cerebellar ataxia.
Source
Clinical neurological examination andstandard clinical practice.
Note
This episode is for educational purposesonly. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.
19 May 2026
Conversation 5 | Gait Examination
What you will learn
This conversation introduces common abnormal gait patterns and their associated neurological diseases.
Key words
Sensory ataxia. Cerebellar ataxia. Spastic gait. Scissoring gait. Parkinsonian gait. Steppage gait. Intermittent claudication. Waddling gait.
Source
Clinical neurological examination and standard clinical practice.
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.
16 May 2026
Conversation 4 | Reflex Examination
What you will learn
This conversation introduces how to perform a basic reflex examination, including deep tendon reflexes, the Jendrassik maneuver, and the Babinski reflex.
Key words
Jaw jerk reflex. Biceps reflex. Patellar tendon reflex. Jendrassik maneuver. Babinski reflex.
Source
Clinical neurological examination and standard clinical practice.
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.
15 May 2026
Conversation 3 | Sensory Examination
What you will learn
This conversation introduces how to askabout numbness and how to perform a basic sensory examination.
Key words
Numbness. Anesthesia. Dysesthesia. Pain andtemperature sensation. Joint position sense. Vibration sense.
Source
Clinical neurological examination andstandard clinical practice.
Note
This episode is for educational purposesonly. This is a practice conversation, not a real clinical interaction.
21 Apr 2026
Conversation 2 | Manual Muscle Testing
What you will learn
This conversation practices manual muscle testing using simple and clear English commands for neurological examination.
Key words
Neck flexors, Neck extensors, Deltoid, Biceps brachii, Triceps brachii, Wrist extensors, Wrist flexors, Pinch, Abductor pollicis brevis, First dorsal interosseous, Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digitorum profundus, Iliopsoas, Rectus femoris, Hamstrings, Tibialis anterior, Gastrocnemius
Source
Clinical neurological examination (standard practice)
Note
This conversation is for educational purposes only.
19 Apr 2026
Conversation 1 | Cranial Nerve Examination
What you will learn
This conversation introduces a step-by-step cranial nerve examination and helps you practice simple and practical English commands used in neurological exams.
Key words
Olfactory nerve. Optic nerve. Oculomotor nerve. Trochlear nerve. Trigeminal nerve. Abducens nerve. Facial nerve. Vestibulocochlear nerve. Glossopharyngeal nerve. Vagus nerve. Accessory nerve. Hypoglossal nerve.
Source
Clinical neurological examination (standard clinical practice).
Note
This conversation is for educational purposes only.
What you will learn
This episode reviews a multicenter retrospective study on cancer-associated stroke and explains why post-treatment plasma D-dimer levels, rather than pre-treatment levels, are independently associated with poor short-term outcomes and mortality.
Key words
Cancer-associated stroke.
Hypercoagulability.
Recurrent.
Cumulative.
Mortality rate.
Adjusted odds ratio.
Anticoagulation therapy.
Source
Post-Treatment Plasma D-Dimer Levels Are Associated With Short-Term Outcomes in Patients With Cancer-Associated Stroke.
Front. Neurol.2022;13:868137.
DOI:10.3389/fneur.2022.868137
Note
This episode isfor educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not theoriginal article.
Episode 7, Stroke 1.
31 Mar 2026
Episode 6 | CIDP | Corticosteroids in CIDP
What you will learn
This episode reviews a multicentre retrospective study of corticosteroidtreatment in CIDP and explains that daily prednisolone, pulsed dexamethasone,and pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone showed broadly similar efficacy andsafety outcomes.
Key words
Pulsed dexamethasone.
Pulsed intravenous methylprednisolone.
Remission rates.
Cumulative steroid dose.
Responder.
Source
van Lieverloo GGA, Peric S, Doneddu PE, et al. Corticosteroids in chronicinflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: A retrospective, multicentre study,comparing efficacy and safety of daily prednisolone, pulsed dexamethasone, andpulsed intravenous methylprednisolone. J Neurol. 2018;265:2052–2059. DOI:10.1007/s00415-018-8948-y.
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary andcommentary, not the original article.
Episode 6, CIDP 3.
29 Mar 2026
Episode 5 | CIDP | Very High Dose Immunoglobulin Treatment in CIDP
What you will learn
This episode reviews a multicentre UK study on very high dose immunoglobulin treatment in CIDP and explains why dose escalation may not always be the best option in patients with a poor response.
Key wordsPre-treatment disability.Maximal improvement.Thromboembolic complications.Suboptimal response.
dose escalation.
SourceVery High Dose Immunoglobulin Treatment for Chronic Inflammatory DemyelinatingPolyneuropathy: A Multicentre UK Study.
Eur J Neurol. 2025;32(11):e70429.
DOI: 10.1111/ene.70429.
NoteThis episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.Episode 5, CIDP 2.
25 Mar 2026
Episode 4| CIDP | Determinants of Long-Term Disability in CIDP
What you will learn
This episode reviews a multicenter study on chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, or CIDP, and explains how early treatment may be a key modifiable factor in reducing long-term disability.
Key wordsdeterminants, therapeutic factors, long-term disability, univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses, modifiable factor
SourceDeterminants of long-term disability in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: A multicenter Korea/UK study of 144 patients.
Eur J Neurol. 2025;32(1):e16575.DOI: 10.1111/ene.16575
NoteThis episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.
Episode 4, CIDP 1
22 Mar 2026
Episode 3 | Dementia | Multiple Cerebral Hemorrhages in a Patient Receiving Lecanemab and Treated with t-PA for Stroke
What you will learnA short review of a serious case report involving lecanemab, t-PA, and multiple cerebral hemorrhages after acute ischemic stroke.Key words
cerebral hemorrhage, t-PA, homozygous, gaze preference, administer, intraparenchymal, cerebral amyloid angiopathySource
Multiple Cerebral Hemorrhages in a Patient Receiving Lecanemab and Treated with t-PA for Stroke.
N Engl J Med. 2023;388:478-479.DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2215148 (https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmc2215148)NoteThis episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.
Episode 3, dementia 3
21 Mar 2026
Episode 2 | Dementia | Donanemab in Early Symptomatic Alzheimer’s Disease
What you will learn
A short review of the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 trial and how donanemab showed clinical benefit in early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease.
Key words
early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease
iADRS
least-squares mean change
CDR-SB
amyloid plaque
ARIA
Short summary
This episode reviews the TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 trial, published in JAMA in 2023. Donanemab slowed cognitive and functional decline in people with early symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease. Unlike Clarity AD, the pivotal trial of lecanemab, this study incorporated tau pathology into the trial design. The results supported the clinical benefit of anti-amyloid therapy, while adverse events such as amyloid-related imaging abnormalities remained important.
Source
Mintun MA, Lo AC, Duggan Evans C, et al. Donanemab in Early Symptomatic Alzheimer Disease: The TRAILBLAZER-ALZ 2 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023.
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2023.13239 (https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.13239)
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.
Episode 2. Dementia 2
19 Mar 2026
Episode 1 | Dementia | Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease
What you will learn
A short review of a key paper in neurology, explained in simple English.
Key words
monoclonal antibody
protofibril
cognitive decline
CDR-SB
ADAS-Cog14
adjusted mean change
adverse events
Short summary
Lecanemab slowed cognitive and functional decline in early Alzheimer’s disease over 18 months. Clinical outcomes such as CDR-SB and ADAS-Cog14 also favored lecanemab, although adverse events remained important.
Source
van Dyck CH, et al. Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease. N Engl J Med. 2023.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2212948 (https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa2212948)
Note
This episode is for educational purposes only. This is a summary and commentary, not the original article.
Episode 1, Dementia 1
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