Queer History of Religion

About Queer History of Religion

This podcast explores the queer histories of world religious traditions through the lens of storytelling. We focus on narratives, myths, and biographies of influential LGBTQ+ figures throughout the past and present to explore the intersections of religion, gender, and sexuality.

Publisher

Benjamin Ale-Ebrahim

Category

history

Language

en

Explicit

No

First episode

4 Oct 2023

Latest episode

16 Oct 2026

Latest episodes

9 episodes in the feed.

1. 

   16 Oct 2026

   Baron Samedi: Gender, Death, and Sacred Obscenity in Haitian Vodou

   This episode looks at Baron Samedi, the top-hatted, cigar-smoking lord of the dead in Haitian Vodou, and the Gede — the family of spirits associated with death, sexuality, and obscene comedy, whose ritual behavior often crosses between masculine and feminine. Drawing on ethnography from Elizabeth McAlister and Karen McCarthy Brown, along with Randy Conner and David Hatfield Sparks's work on queer Vodou practitioners, the episode traces how Gede spirits are described mixing funeral dress with women's clothing during possession, and how their bawdy Kreyòl humor mocks social pretension, including gender norms. It also engages a 2023 article by Paul C. Mocombe, who argues against reading Gede through a Western queer lens at all — a genuine scholarly disagreement the episode sits with rather than resolves. Along the way: how the dictator François Duvalier appropriated Baron Samedi's image for political terror, and how Vodou temples have historically offered gay priests and practitioners a form of religious belonging not always available to them elsewhere. Sources referenced in this episode: Brown, Karen McCarthy. Mama Lola: A Vodou Priestess in Brooklyn. University of California Press, 1991. Conner, Randy P., and David Hatfield Sparks. Queering Creole Spiritual Traditions: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Participation in African-Inspired Traditions in the Americas. Harrington Park Press, 2004. Johnson, Paul Christopher. "Secretism and the Apotheosis of Duvalier." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 74, no. 2 (2006): 420–445. Lescot, Anne, and Laurence Magloire, dirs. Des Hommes et des Dieux (Of Men and Gods). 2002. McAlister, Elizabeth. "Love, Sex, and Gender Embodied: The Spirits of Haitian Vodou." In Love, Sex, and Gender in the World Religions, edited by Joseph Runzo and Nancy M. Martin, 128–145. Oneworld, 2000. McAlister, Elizabeth. Rara! Vodou, Power, and Performance in Haiti and Its Diaspora. University of California Press, 2002. Mocombe, Paul C. "Gede and Homosexuality." Philosophy Study 13, no. 7 (2023): 278–283. Image credit: Joseph, Silva. ca. 1980s. Vodou Flag or Banner (Baron Samedi). Satin, sequins, plastic pearls, and glass beads, Birmingham Museum of Art, Collection of the Art Fund, Inc., Robert Cargo Folk Art Collection. Birmingham Museum of Art

2. 

   9 Oct 2026

   The Eternal Night: Homosexuality and the Sin of Azunai in Ancient Japanese Myth

   Long before the celebrated traditions of Buddhist monastic nanshoku or samurai wakashudō, Japan's founding chronicle, the Nihon Shoki, recorded a very different kind of story: two Shinto priests, Shinu no Hafuri and Amano no Hafuri, buried together after one died of grief following the other's death — an act the eighth-century text frames not as devotion, but as a sin serious enough to darken the sky. This episode traces the story from its origins in Book Nine of the Nihon Shoki through its twentieth-century rediscovery by folklorist Iwata Jun'ichi, who made it a foundation stone of queer Japanese history, and the scholarly pushback that has complicated his reading ever since — along with a look at the gender-fluid kami Inari, and a correction of a common myth about the shirabyōshi. References Aston, W. G., translator. Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1896. Wikisource, en.wikisource.org/wiki/Nihongi:_Chronicles_of_Japan_from_the_Earliest_Times_to_A.D._697/Book_IX (en.wikisource.org/wiki/Nihongi:_Chronicles_of_Japan_from_the_Earliest_Times_to_A.D._697/Book_IX). Borevitz, Brad. "The Discourse on 'Love Between Men' in Interwar Japan: Iwata's History of Homosexuality." onetwothree.net, Mar. 1993, onetwothree.net/writing/discourse-love-between-men-interwar-japan-iwatas-history-homosexuality (onetwothree.net/writing/discourse-love-between-men-interwar-japan-iwatas-history-homosexuality). Conner, Randy P., David Hatfield Sparks, and Mariya Sparks. Cassell's Encyclopedia of Queer Myth, Symbol, and Spirit: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Lore. Cassell, 1997. Leupp, Gary P. Male Colors: The Construction of Homosexuality in Tokugawa Japan. University of California Press, 1995. Murray, Stephen O. Homosexualities. University of Chicago Press, 2000. "Shirabyōshi." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirabyōshi (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirabyōshi). Accessed 7 Sept. 2026. Smyers, Karen A. The Fox and the Jewel: Shared and Private Meanings in Contemporary Japanese Inari Worship. University of Hawai'i Press, 1999. Image credit: KENPEI. (2008, December 20). Niutsuhime-jinja dai2-3honden [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niutsuhime-jinja_dai2-3honden.jpg (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Niutsuhime-jinja_dai2-3honden.jpg).

3. 

   2 Oct 2026

   Ada Dwyer Russell: Lesbian, Mormon, and Stage Actress

   Ada Dwyer Russell was a Broadway and London stage actress raised in a Mormon pioneer family in Salt Lake City — and later, the longtime partner of Pulitzer Prize–winning poet Amy Lowell, the addressee of some of the most explicit lesbian love poetry published in America before the 1970s. This episode traces Russell's journey from the Salt Lake Theater to the Boston literary world, her father's own startling collision with LDS Church discipline over his views on homosexuality, and the unresolved question at the heart of her story: was she Lowell's equal partner, or a woman whose voice was folded into, and largely erased by, her more famous lover's legend? References: Bellot, Gabrielle. "Lady of the Moon." Poetry Foundation, 3 June 2019, www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/150142/lady-of-the-moon (http://www.poetryfoundation.org/articles/150142/lady-of-the-moon). Accessed 7 Sept. 2026. Bradshaw, Melissa, and Adrienne Munich, editors. Amy Lowell, American Modern. Rutgers University Press, 2004. Lowell, Amy. "A Decade." Pictures of the Floating World. Houghton Mifflin, 1919. Lowell, Amy. "The Taxi." Sword Blades and Poppy Seed. Macmillan, 1914. Parker, Sarah. The Lesbian Muse and Poetic Identity, 1889–1930. Routledge, 2015. Quinn, D. Michael. Same-Sex Dynamics among Nineteenth-Century Americans: A Mormon Example. University of Illinois Press, 1996. Rollyson, Carl. Amy Lowell Anew: A Biography. Rowman & Littlefield, 2013. "Ada Dwyer Russell." Wikipedia, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Dwyer_Russell (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Dwyer_Russell). Accessed 7 Sept. 2026. "Today In Mormon History: 100 Years Ago Today – May 9, 1913." On This Day in Mormon History, todaysinmormonhistory.blogspot.com, reposted at www.todayinmormonhistory.com/2013/05/100-years-ago-today-may-9-1913.html (http://www.todayinmormonhistory.com/2013/05/100-years-ago-today-may-9-1913.html). Accessed 7 Sept. 2026. Image credit: Stage actress Ada Dwyer (SAYRE 22875) [Photograph]. (n.d.). Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stage_actress_Ada_Dwyer_(SAYRE_22875).jpg (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stage_actress_Ada_Dwyer_(SAYRE_22875).jpg)

4. 

   25 Sept 2026

   Kalonymus ben Kalonymus: Trans Jewish Philosopher in Medieval France

   In 1322, a celebrated Provençal rabbi and translator named Kalonymus ben Kalonymus tucked a startling confession into the middle of a satirical ethics treatise: a passage imagining, in vivid and sorrowful detail, the life he might have lived had he been born a woman. Known in his own time as "Maestro Calo" for his prolific translations of Galen, Euclid, Ptolemy, and Averroes into Hebrew, Kalonymus is remembered today for something else entirely — a "Prayer for Transformation" that trans Jewish readers now recognize as one of the earliest known literary articulations of gender dysphoria, seven centuries before the term existed. This episode traces his life from Arles to Rome and back, unpacks the theology of a blessing that turns into grief, and asks what it means that this experience was already being spoken from inside the tradition, centuries ago. References: Gottheil, Richard, and Isaac Broydé. "Kalonymus ben Kalonymus ben Meïr." Jewish Encyclopedia, 1906, www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/9173-kalonymus-ben-kalonymus-ben-meir (http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/9173-kalonymus-ben-kalonymus-ben-meir). Kalonymus ben Kalonymus ben Meir. "Prayer for Transformation, from the Poem 'Even Boḥan.'" Translated by Steven Greenberg, transcribed and translated by Aharon N. Varady, Nir Krakauer, and Isaac Gantwerk Mayer, The Open Siddur Project, 31 Aug. 2020, opensiddur.org/prayers/civic-calendar/international-civil-calendar/transgender-day-of-visibility/prayer-of-kalonymus-from-sefer-even-bohan-1322/ (opensiddur.org/prayers/civic-calendar/international-civil-calendar/transgender-day-of-visibility/prayer-of-kalonymus-from-sefer-even-bohan-1322/). "Commemorating Transgender Day of Remembrance." Eshel Online, 20 Nov. 2015, www.eshelonline.org/commemorating-transgender-day-of-remembrance/ (http://www.eshelonline.org/commemorating-transgender-day-of-remembrance/). "Celebrating Jewish Trans Poetry Day!" Ben Yehuda Press, 2022, www.benyehudapress.com/celebrating-jewish-trans-poetry-day/ (http://www.benyehudapress.com/celebrating-jewish-trans-poetry-day/). "Transgender Jews Might Not Be News: Pride Torah V." Sefaria, www.sefaria.org/sheets/409478 (http://www.sefaria.org/sheets/409478). "Kalonymus ben Kalonymus." Transgender History Month, www.transgenderhistorymonth.com/tht/kalonymus (http://www.transgenderhistorymonth.com/tht/kalonymus). Image: Jewish Encyclopedia. First page from the first edition of Kalonymus's "Eben Boḥan," Naples, 1489. Sulzberger Collection, Jewish Theological Seminary of America, New York.

5. 

   18 Sept 2026

   Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum: The Ancient Egyptian Tomb That Might Show History's First Same-Sex Couple

   Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum: The Ancient Egyptian Tomb That Might Show History's First Same-Sex Couple In 1964, archaeologists broke into a hillside at Saqqara and found something Old Kingdom Egypt almost never produced: a single tomb built for two men, covered wall to wall with scenes of them embracing, holding hands, and standing nose to nose in poses Egyptian art usually reserved for husbands and wives. This episode digs into the four-thousand-year-old mystery of Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum, two royal manicurist-overseers under King Nyuserre Ini whose joint tomb has divided Egyptologists for six decades. Were they twin brothers laying claim to an unusually close bond, as John Baines and later Linda Evans and Alexandra Woods have argued? Or partners who used their culture's most sacred funerary practices to make their bond permanent, as Greg Reeder first proposed in 2000? We walk through the doubled false doors, the mirrored family scenes, the invocation of the gods Horus and Seth, and what it all tells us about the role queerness could play at the very center of ancient religious life. References: Baines, John. "Egyptian Twins." Orientalia, vol. 54, no. 4, 1985, pp. 461–482. Dowson, Thomas A. "Archaeologists, Feminists, and Queers: Sexual Politics in the Construction of the Past." Feminist Anthropology: Past, Present, and Future, edited by Pamela L. Geller and Miranda K. Stockett, University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006. Evans, Linda, and Alexandra Woods. "Further Evidence That Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep Were Twins." Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 102, 2017, pp. 55–72. Moussa, Ahmed M., and Hartwig Altenmüller. Das Grab des Nianchchnum und Chnumhotep. Philipp von Zabern, 1977. Parkinson, R. B. "The First Gay Kiss?" Egyptian Archaeology, no. 55, 2019. Reeder, Greg. "Same-Sex Desire, Conjugal Constructs, and the Tomb of Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep." World Archaeology, vol. 32, no. 2, 2000, pp. 193–208. ---. "Queer Egyptologies of Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep." Sex and Gender in Ancient Egypt: "Don Your Wig for a Joyful Hour," edited by Carolyn Graves-Brown, Classical Press of Wales, 2008. Wilford, John Noble. "A Mystery, Locked in Timeless Embrace." The New York Times, 20 Dec. 2005. "Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khnumhotep_and_Niankhkhnum. Image credit: Badr, A. (2010, March 27). Mastaba of Niankhkhnum and Khnumhotep embrace [Photograph]. Wikimedia Commons.

6. 

   11 Sept 2026

   Issan Dorsey: Queer Bodhisattva of San Francisco

   Issan Dorsey was an American Zen Buddhist teacher, drag performer, and AIDS activist whose life spanned some of the most significant social and religious transformations of twentieth-century San Francisco. Born Tommy Dorsey Jr. in 1933 in Santa Barbara, California, he grew up in a large Catholic family and showed an early passion for performance, studying dance and piano before briefly serving in the U.S. Navy. Discharged because of his homosexuality during the Korean War, Dorsey settled in San Francisco, where he became a popular drag performer known as "Tommy Dee." His life during this period was marked by success on stage, but also by struggles with addiction, poverty, and social marginalization. A profound spiritual experience in the 1960s led him to Buddhism and eventually to the San Francisco Zen Center, where he began the spiritual path that would transform his life. Under the guidance of Zen teacher Shunryu Suzuki Roshi and later Richard Baker, Dorsey became ordained as a Zen priest and received the Dharma name Issan, meaning "One Mountain." He emerged as a respected leader within the Zen community despite, and often because of, his unconventional background. In the 1980s, he helped establish the Hartford Street Zen Center in San Francisco's Castro district, creating a welcoming spiritual home for gay men and others often excluded from religious communities. As the AIDS epidemic devastated the city, Issan responded with extraordinary compassion. He founded Maitri Hospice, the first Buddhist hospice in the United States, providing care, dignity, and spiritual support to people dying of AIDS at a time when many faced fear, stigma, and abandonment. Through this work, Issan became known as a bodhisattva, embodying the Buddhist ideal of compassion through direct service to those suffering. Issan Dorsey's story offers a powerful example of how queer identity and religious leadership can coexist and enrich one another. Rather than hiding his past as a drag queen, recovering addict, and gay man, he integrated every part of his experience into his spiritual practice and ministry. His life challenged assumptions about who could become a religious leader and demonstrated how compassion can emerge from personal suffering and transformation. Although he died of AIDS-related illness in 1990, his legacy continues through the Hartford Street Zen Center, Maitri, and the communities he helped build. For queer people today, Issan Dorsey's life serves as a reminder that spirituality, authenticity, resilience, and service are not separate paths but can become one and the same. Image Credit: Issan Dorsey (1933–1990). Courtesy of Eileen O'Leary. Reproduced from David Schneider, "Accidents & Calculations," Tricycle: The Buddhist Review (Spring 1992). https://tricycle.org/magazine/issan-dorsey/ References Dorsey, I. (n.d.). In LGBTQ Religious Archives Network. Retrieved from https://lgbtqreligiousarchives.org/profiles/issan-dorsey Maitri. (n.d.). About Us. Retrieved from https://www.maitrisf.org/about-us/ Schneider, D. (1993). Street Zen: The Life and Work of Issan Dorsey. Shambhala Publications. Schneider, D. (1992). Accidents & Calculations. Tricycle: The Buddhist Review. Retrieved from https://tricycle.org/magazine/issan-dorsey/ Terebess. (n.d.). Issan Tommy Dorsey (1933-1990). Retrieved from https://terebess.hu/zen/mesterek/dorsey.html The Allen Ginsberg Project. (2023, September 20). Issan Dorsey. Retrieved from https://allenginsberg.org/2023/09/w-s-20-2/ Wikipedia contributors. (n.d.). Issan Dorsey. In Wikipedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issan_Dorsey

7. 

   4 Sept 2026

   Two Names, One Grave: The Love Story of Madho Lal Hussain

   Shah Hussain was a 16th-century Sufi Muslim poet and saint from Lahore, in the Punjab region of the Mughal Empire. Born in 1539, Hussain came of age during the reign of the emperor Akbar, whose court became famous for its patronage of poetry, music, religious dialogue, and Sufi traditions. After years devoted to prayer and religious study, Hussain embraced a more unconventional spiritual path characterized by dancing, poetry, wine, and public challenges to religious orthodoxy. He became one of the great poets of the Punjabi Kafi tradition, composing devotional verses that explored mystical longing and the desire for union with God. Taking on a feminine persona in his poetry, Hussain often imagined himself as a bride yearning for her divine bridegroom. His poetry remains an important part of South Asian devotional music and has been performed by celebrated qawwali singers including Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan and Abida Parveen. According to tradition, when Hussain was in his mid-50s, he encountered a young Hindu man named Madho Lal and fell deeply in love with him. Their relationship crossed boundaries of age, religion, caste, and social convention: Hussain was a Muslim Sufi from a family of cloth weavers, while Madho came from an upper-caste Brahmin Hindu family. Hussain eventually joined his beloved’s name to his own, placing Madho’s first, so that the two became known together as Madho Lal Hussain. Hussain celebrated Hindu festivals such as Vasant Panchami and Holi in Madho’s honor, while Madho became Hussain’s disciple and eventually his spiritual successor. Their relationship came to embody the Sufi ideal of lover and beloved becoming one—a human expression of the soul’s longing for union with the divine. Shah Hussain and Madho Lal are buried side by side at the same shrine in Lahore, their joined name and shared resting place preserving the memory of their relationship centuries after their deaths. Their legacy is still celebrated at Mela Chiraghan, or the Festival of Lights, which brings together Punjabis from Muslim, Hindu, and Sikh backgrounds. For queer people today, Madho Lal Hussain offers a particularly powerful story from the history of religion: one in which love between men, mystical devotion, gender-crossing poetic imagery, and interreligious connection cannot easily be separated from one another. Rather than choosing between spiritual devotion and his love for another man, Hussain brought the two together through poetry, music, and public life. The enduring story of Madho Lal Hussain reminds us that queer histories are also religious histories—and that love has long provided a language for crossing boundaries between genders, religions, communities, and the human and divine. Image Credit: Photo credit: Book page photographed by Wikimedia Commons user ThethPunjabi. Page 10 of 'Sikh Heritage: Ethos and Relics' (2012) by Bhayee Sikandar Singh and Roopinder Singh. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Hussain#/media/File:Miniature_painting_of_Sufi_saint,_Madho_Lal_Hussain.jpg (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Hussain#/media/File:Miniature_painting_of_Sufi_saint,_Madho_Lal_Hussain.jpg) References Dawn. (2018, April 22). Madho Lal Hussain: Saint of lights. Retrieved from https://www.dawn.com/news/1403596 (https://www.dawn.com/news/1403596) Khan, A. (2022, June 10). Madho Lal Hussain: Saint of lights. The Friday Times. Retrieved from https://thefridaytimes.com/10-Jun-2022/madho-lal-hussain-saint-of-lights (https://thefridaytimes.com/10-Jun-2022/madho-lal-hussain-saint-of-lights) Medium. (2019, February 14). Madhu Lal Hussian: A curious love story. Retrieved from https://medium.com/sufism/madhu-lal-hussian-a-curious-love-story-7f0cdc41951 (https://medium.com/sufism/madhu-lal-hussian-a-curious-love-story-7f0cdc41951) Scroll Staff. (2016, January 10). Introducing the disgraceful fakir Madho Lal Hussein, with four poems to prove it. Scroll.in. Retrieved from https://scroll.in/article/801951/introducing-the-disgraceful-fakir-madho-lal-hussein-with-four-poems-to-prove-it (https://scroll.in/article/801951/introducing-the-disgraceful-fakir-madho-lal-hussein-with-four-poems-to-prove-it) Uddari. (2018, August 15). The gay faqir. Retrieved from https://uddari.wordpress.com/2018/08/15/the-gay-faqir/ (https://uddari.wordpress.com/2018/08/15/the-gay-faqir/) Wikipedia. (2023, October 9). Shah Hussain. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Hussain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shah_Hussain)

8. 

   18 Oct 2023

   Leo Martello: Wiccan Priest and Gay Rights Activist

   Leo Martello was born in 1930 in central Massachusetts, the son of a Sicilian immigrant family. He is widely recognized as one of the pioneers of the Wiccan and Neopagan movements in the United States in the mid-twentieth century. Inspired by his Italian heritage and family connection to an ancient Italian witchcraft religion he called La Vecchia or “The Old Religion,” Martello founded a number of Wiccan organizations and covens beginning in the 1960s. He was also a well-known psychic, hypnotist, and handwriting analyst. Following the Stonewall riots in 1969, Martello became active in the Gay Liberation Front and was an early member of the Gay Activist Alliance, writing a regular column called “The Gay Witch” that was published in the Alliance’s newsletter. Inspired by the first Christopher Street day parade in honor of the Stonewall riots, Martello organized the “Witch-In” on October 31, 1970 in New York City’s Central Park, one of the earliest and largest public gatherings organized by Witches in American history. Martello was a passionate advocate for gay and Pagan rights throughout his life, famously writing a “Witches Manifesto” that called for greater civil rights for Witches, 500 million dollars in reparations from the Catholic Church for their persecution of Witches during the Inquisition, and 100 million dollars compensation from the city of Salem, Massachusetts for its role in the Salem Witch Trials. Martello is one of the most important figures in both the Wiccan religious movement and the gay rights movement of the 20th century. He was a bold and tireless advocate for human rights and religious freedom, blending the language and tactics of queer liberation with the effort to establish greater religious freedom for minority religions like Wicca and Paganism in the United States. Known for his humor and wit, Martello coined the phrase “out of your broom closets and on to your brooms!” – a popular Wiccan slogan that is still commonly heard to this day, borrowing the gay activist metaphor of “coming out the closet” to reference the struggle to combat religious stigma against Wicca and Paganism. Martello passed away in the year 2000 but his legacy still lives on in the ongoing fights for queer liberation and free expression of religion in the United States. Image Credit: Manuscripts and Archives Division, The New York Public Library. "Leo Louis Martello, Martha Shelley, and Sandy DeWine at Oscar Wilde Memorial Bookstore" The New York Public Library Digital Collections. 1969. https://digitalcollections.nypl.org/items/6f3b3030-2189-0137-061a-00eb8234cd0b References: Adler, Margot. Drawing Down the Moon: Witches, Druids, Goddess-Worshippers, and Other Pagans in America. New York, Penguin Books, 2006. Bruno, Lori. “Trinacrian Rose - Memorial Pages - Dr. Leo Louis Martello.” Our Lord & Lady of the Trinacrian Rose, 2002, trinacrianrose.weebly.com/dr-leo-louis-martello.html. Accessed 9 Oct. 2023. Guiley, Rosemary. The Encyclopedia of Witches, Witchcraft and Wicca. New York, Checkmark Books, 2008. “Leo Martello.” Wikipedia, 26 Sept. 2023, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Martello. Accessed 9 Oct. 2023. Martello, Leo Louis. Weird Ways of Witchcraft. Weiser Books, 1 Oct. 2011. ---. Witchcraft : The Old Religion. New York, N.J., Carol Pub. Group, 1991. Lloyd, Michael G. Bull of Heaven:The Mythic Life of Eddie Buczynski and the Rise of the New York Pagan. Asphodel Press, 1 July 2012.

9. 

   4 Oct 2023

   Saint Marinos the Monk: Crossing the Gender Binary in Early Christian Lebanon

   Marinos lived in the fifth century in what is now Lebanon. Marinos was a monk who was assigned female at birth, the daughter of a wealthy Christian family. Originally named Marina, Marinos changed his name and adopted a masculine identity when he became a monk and entered the monastery alongside his father. Despite his well-known reputation for piety and devotion, Marinos was falsely accused of adultery and raised a son in the monastery while also remaining steadfast in his duties as a monk. At his death, Marinos was discovered to have been born female and his innocence as an adulterer was proven beyond any doubt. He soon became revered as a saint in the local community and his tomb emerged as a site for pilgrimage and devotion. Today, Marinos is recognized as a saint by the Maronite Catholic Church in Lebanon, the Coptic Church in Egypt, and – as of 2022 – the Episcopal Church in the United States. He is considered by many contemporary trans and queer Christians to be an early example of transgender acceptance within church history. Episode art: Saint Marina the Monk presented to the monastery (Sainte Marine présentée au monastère). Cote : Français 241 , Fol. 139v. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_the_Monk#/media/File:Marina_the_monk.jpg References: Bychowski, M. W. Transgender Saints: The Imitatio Christi of St. Marinos the Monk. www.thingstransform.com/2016/08/transgender-saints-imitatio-christi-of.html. Cherry, Kittredge. “Marinos / Marina the Monk: Transgender Parenting Role Model and Patron Saint.” Q Spirit, 18 June 2023, qspirit.net/marinos-marina-monk-transgender/. Friendly Fire Collective. “Saint Saturday: Saint Marinos– Trans Monk, Beggar, and Adoptive Father.” Friendly Fire Collective, 18 Nov. 2018, friendlyfirecollective.wordpress.com/2018/11/18/saint-saturday-saint-marinos-trans-monk-beggar-and-adoptive-father/. Hourani, Gita. “Saint Marina the Monk.” Maronite Institute, www.maronite-institute.org/MARI/JMS/january00/Saint_Marina_the_Monk.htm. “Marina the Monk.” Wikipedia, 8 Dec. 2022, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_the_Monk. “Marina the Monk, Monastic, 5th Century.” The Episcopal Church, www.episcopalchurch.org/lectionary/marina-the-monk/. Accessed 4 Oct. 2023. “Santa Maria Formosa.” Wikipedia, 21 Mar. 2023, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Maria_Formosa. Accessed 4 Oct. 2023. “St. Marina - CopticChurch.net.” Coptic Church, www.copticchurch.net/synaxarium/saints/marina.html. Terence. “Queer Saints and Martyrs (and Others): Marina/Marinos of Alexandria 12/02.” Queer Saints and Martyrs (and Others), 12 Feb. 2012, queering-the-church.blogspot.com/2012/02/marinamarinos-of-alexandria-1202.html. Trinity Church Wall Street. “Saint Marinos/Marina the Monk." Facebook, 17 June 2021, www.facebook.com/TrinityWallSt/videos/230384615313735/. Accessed 4 Oct. 2023. Vogt, Kari. “The Woman Monk: A Theme in Byzantine Hagiography.” Greece & Gender, Bergen, 1995, pp. 141–48.

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