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Change of Directions Newsletter Podcast

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Your best source of information about Hydrogen and Climate Change <a href="https://changeofdirections.substack.com?utm_medium=podcast">changeofdirections.substack.com</a>

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December 13, 2023

Toyota's Pioneering Journey in Hydrogen Mobility – Podcast with André Schmidt, CEO of Toyota Germany

Toyota, a trailblazer in hydrogen mobility, has been at the forefront of this technology, embracing a future beyond conventional fuels. Their journey, marked by innovation and adaptability, reflects a commitment to diverse mobility solutions.André Schmidt has been with Toyota for almost 20 years. Since January 2021, the manager has had overall responsibility as President of Toyota Deutschland GmbH. His start has been a success: Toyota grew faster than the overall market in 2022.Schmidt has held several positions for Toyota in different countries. In 2018, he joined Toyota Motor North America to lead Global Olympic/Paralympics Marketing. During his assignment in the US, he also held leadership roles in online retailing, Tier 2 marketing optimization and mobility strategies. Prior to that, Schmidt served as Director Marketing & Light Commercial Vehicle Business Unit at Toyota Motor Europe since 2015, where he pioneered a new pan-EU agency model.In 2012, Schmidt was appointed President and CEO of Toyota Sweden. In the four years prior to that, he held the role of Marketing Director of Toyota Germany. In 2005, he joined Toyota Motor Europe as General Manager Pricing & Revenue Management.His previous experience in the automotive industry includes four years at Mitsubishi Motors Europe and positions as a strategy consultant in transportation/automotive and automotive/mobility research for the GfK Group.The Multi-Pathway Approach: A Diverse Portfolio for Diverse ChallengesToyota's strategy hinges on a multi-pathway approach. Recognizing the diversity in clean energy and mobility needs, Toyota has integrated hydrogen fuel cell technologies into its portfolio. This approach is not isolated, but is part of a broader strategy encompassing various powertrains and mobility solutions. The launch of Mirai, the first mass-produced fuel cell vehicle, and the subsequent Mirai Two, exemplifies Toyota's commitment to this technology. With over 100 hydrogen fuel stations in Germany, Toyota is making strides in making hydrogen mobility practical and accessible.Global Reach and Market SuccessToyota's success with the Mirai, particularly in markets like the United States, underscores the importance of supportive infrastructure and national policies. The company's focus on markets with advanced hydrogen infrastructure, such as California in the U.S., Europe, China, and Japan, has been pivotal. Their R&D efforts in Brussels and collaborations with various companies highlight Toyota's commitment to expanding the hydrogen business globally.Addressing Infrastructure ChallengesToyota actively engages with governments and local authorities to build hydrogen infrastructure. They create 'lighthouse projects' to demonstrate the viability of operating within a hydrogen system. Partnerships with companies like GP Joule in Germany showcase the potential of a green hydrogen cycle, emphasizing the interconnectedness of the mobility and energy sectors.Commercial Applications and Retrofitting InitiativesToyota's hydrogen technology extends beyond passenger vehicles to buses, heavy trucks, and even non-automotive applications like diggers and caterpillars. They are also pioneering in retrofitting existing diesel trucks and buses with hydrogen fuel cells, a strategy that could significantly impact the decarbonization of existing fleets.Collaborative Efforts and R&D InnovationsCollaboration is key to Toyota's strategy. Recognizing that no single company can tackle the challenges alone, Toyota partners with various industry players to drive technological advancements and scale up solutions. Their ongoing R&D focuses on reducing the use of precious metals in fuel cells, improving efficiency, and cutting costs to make hydrogen technology more accessible and sustainable.The Future of Hydrogen MobilityToyota envisions hydrogen technology not as a niche but as a key player in mass mobility. While they continue to advance in battery electric vehicles, hydrogen cars offer unique advantages, especially for long-distance travel and in areas with less resilient electric grids. The introduction of models like the Crown Hydrogen in Japan is a testament to Toyota's belief in hydrogen's broad applicability.In conclusion, Toyota's journey in hydrogen mobility is marked by innovation, adaptability, and a commitment to a diverse, sustainable future. Their multi-pathway approach, global market strategies, infrastructure development efforts, and collaborative R&D initiatives position them as a leader in this evolving landscape, driving towards a vision of mobility for all.In case you missed it: Note: We are going to have a short break until next year. Thank you so much for your support this year! We are coming back after the CES 2024 with more news, articles and interviews with leading executives from the hydrogen business. This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit <a href="https://changeofdirections.substack.com?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_1">changeofdirections.substack.com</a>

November 22, 2023

The EU needs Africa: How hydrogen is changing the political landscape - ChangeOfDirections Newsletter 22.11.23

In the quest for a sustainable energy future, the European Union (EU) stands at a crossroads. The solution may lie just across the Mediterranean, in the untapped potential of North African states like Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia. A strategic energy partnership between the EU and these nations is not just beneficial; it's a necessity for a greener, more secure energy future.Complementary Energy Profiles: The Basis for PartnershipThe European Union's ambition to become a hydrogen-powered economy faces a significant hurdle: the region's limited capacity to produce sufficient hydrogen within its borders. The EU's geographical and climatic conditions are not uniformly conducive to large-scale renewable energy production, which is essential for green hydrogen production. This limitation necessitates looking beyond the EU, turning the focus towards North Africa - a region with abundant renewable energy resources, particularly solar and wind energy, crucial for green hydrogen production. This complementary relationship between the EU's energy demand and North Africa's energy potential forms the bedrock of a strategic partnership.Stability and Proximity: Strategic AdvantagesGeographical proximity is a significant advantage. The short distance between North Africa and Europe reduces logistical complexities and costs associated with energy transportation. Moreover, political and economic stability in countries like Morocco makes them reliable partners. This proximity and stability are crucial in ensuring a consistent energy supply, a key concern for the EU in its quest for energy security.But as we learned in the last decade - a stable partner can suddenly change his political course. The current energy crisis in the EU happened because Russia decided to start a war against Ukraine and use the dependency of European states on Russian gas as a weapon. The underlying question for a future partnership will be: how can the EU avoid a one-sided dependency while giving other countries a stable and reliable partnership?Economic and Environmental Benefits: A Win-Win ScenarioFor North African countries, this partnership is not just an opportunity to export energy; it's a chance to stimulate their economies, create jobs, and develop their technology sectors. For the EU, it's an opportunity to diversify its energy sources, reducing dependence on traditional fossil fuels and moving towards a more sustainable energy mix. This shift is not just environmentally responsible; it's also economically prudent in the long term.Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia all have stable economies, but they lack growth, and Tunisia, especially, has faced some economic problems in the past. Both Morocco and Algeria are also known as states from which refugees come to the EU. Building up a broader economic base for their populations would lower the pressure on the EU border and also ensure that the "brain drain" these countries have faced in the past comes to an end.Approaching the Partnership: Steps Towards CollaborationPolicy Frameworks and Agreements: The first step is establishing a clear policy framework. This includes bilateral agreements that outline the terms of energy trade, investment, and technological exchange. These agreements must ensure mutual benefits, respecting the sovereignty and development goals of North African states.Investment in Infrastructure: Building the necessary infrastructure, such as solar and wind farms in North Africa, and upgrading the grid connections between these countries and Europe, is crucial. This includes considering innovative solutions like green hydrogen production and its transportation.Technological and Knowledge Exchange: The EU can offer technological expertise and funding, helping set up state-of-the-art renewable energy projects in North Africa. In return, the EU gains access to a new, sustainable energy source.Ensuring Sustainability and Equity: It's vital that this partnership doesn't become a new form of resource exploitation. Projects must be developed sustainably, with respect for local environments and communities. Benefits must be shared equitably, ensuring that local populations gain from these initiatives.Long-Term Commitments: Both parties must view this partnership as a long-term commitment. This means consistent policies, even as governments and political landscapes change, to ensure continuity and stability in energy cooperation.The Logistics of Hydrogen Transportation: Pipelines and ChallengesTransporting hydrogen from North Africa to Europe presents its own set of challenges and costs. The cost of building a hydrogen pipeline depends on various factors, including the length of the pipeline, the terrain it crosses, the capacity of the pipeline, and the technology used. For comparison, the cost of natural gas pipelines can range from about $1 million to $5 million per mile, but hydrogen pipelines can be more expensive due to the need for more advanced materials and technologies to handle hydrogen's unique properties (it is a small molecule which makes it prone to leakage, and it has the tendency to make metals brittle). A pipeline covering thousands of kilometers, as would be the case from North Africa to Europe, could cost tens of billions of dollars.The time required to build such a pipeline would depend on the length, the difficulty of the terrain, the capacity of the construction companies involved, and the bureaucratic and regulatory processes in each country the pipeline traverses. Large-scale pipeline projects can take several years to over a decade from planning to completion. Typically, a project of this magnitude could take anywhere from 5 to 10 years, factoring in planning, approvals, construction, and testing phases.It's also worth considering alternatives to pipelines, such as transporting hydrogen in the form of ammonia or other hydrogen carriers via ships, or producing hydrogen locally in Europe using renewable energy sources.Conclusion: A Path Forward TogetherThe strategic energy partnership between the EU and North African states like Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia is more than a mere transactional relationship; it's a collaboration towards a sustainable future. By combining Europe's technological prowess and financial resources with North Africa's renewable energy potential, this partnership can pave the way for a greener, more sustainable, and economically prosperous future for both regions. By building strong energy partnerships with North African countries, the EU can also extend its geopolitical influence in the region, countering the influence of other global powers and contributing to global energy stability. In this era of climate change and geopolitical shifts, such collaborations are not just beneficial; they are essential.More Links:The impact of industry transition on a CO2-neutral European energy systemA new study by Fraunhofer ISI for the EU Commission has examined the impacts of the industry transition on the European energy system in different scenarios. The study shows that Europe’s industry in 2050 will need substantial amounts of green hydrogen and a corresponding transport infrastructure, even with strong electrification of process heat. In the interview, the study’s author, Dr. Tobias Fleiter, explains the results and reveals where the green hydrogen for our industry could come from in the future. <a target="_blank" href="https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/72954c87-327a-11ee-83b8-01aa75ed71a1">https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/72954c87-327a-11ee-83b8-01aa75ed71a1</a>Green hydrogen in Europe – A regional assessment: Substituting existing production with electrolysis powered by renewablesThe increasing ambition of climate targets creates a major role for hydrogen -especially in achieving carbon-neutrality in sectors presently difficult to decarbonise. This work examines to what extent the currently carbon-intensive hydrogen production in Europe could be replaced by water electrolysis using electricity from renewable energy resources (RES).<a target="_blank" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890420311766">https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0196890420311766</a>The Political Economy of Green Hydrogen in Europe: Reinforcing Regional Inequalities?The scale-up of renewable hydrogen production and its use in industry and transport has the potential to achieve decarbonization where direct electrification is not an option. Green hydrogen also offers opportunities to develop technological leadership and economic perspectives within a future net-zero economy. <a target="_blank" href="https://www.rifs-potsdam.de/en/blog/2023/09/political-economy-green-hydrogen-europe-reinforcing-regional-inequalities">https://www.rifs-potsdam.de/en/blog/2023/09/political-economy-green-hydrogen-europe-reinforcing-regional-inequalities</a>Maximizing Europe’s Green Hydrogen SupplyTo rapidly reduce reliance on Russian fossil fuels, the EU recently set one of the most ambitious hydrogen deployment targets in the world: to deploy 20 million tons of renewable produced hydrogen as a fuel and a feedstock by 2030. Still, with significant public funding promised to new green hydrogen producers in the United States, some advocates in Europe have expressed concern that the EU will lose out on investments in new hydrogen facilities. <a target="_blank" href="https://rmi.org/maximizing-europes-green-hydrogen-supply/">https://rmi.org/maximizing-europes-green-hydrogen-supply/</a>Building partnerships for an international hydrogen economy: Entry-point for European policy actionEuropean and the German hydrogen strategies envisage strategic technology and energy partnerships with other regions that offer favourable conditions for the production of renewable hydrogen (BMWK 2020; EC 2020). However, the development of such partnerships faces important challenges and has implications that extend far beyond the hydrogen sector. <a target="_blank" href="https://justclimate.fes.de/e/building-partnerships-hydrogen-economy-european-policy">https://justclimate.fes.de/e/building-partnerships-hydrogen-economy-european-policy</a>In case you missed it: This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit <a href="https://changeofdirections.substack.com?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_1">changeofdirections.substack.com</a>

November 15, 2023

The Russian-Ukraine Conflict: A Catalyst for Europe's Hydrogen Economy Transition - Change of Directions Newsletter 15.11.2023

As the continent grapples with the repercussions of its heavy reliance on Russian gas, the situation has inadvertently cast a spotlight on alternative energy sources, particularly hydrogen. This editorial explores the extent to which the conflict may accelerate Europe's transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies, such as hydrogen, and the potential economic impacts of such a shift.The Push Towards HydrogenEurope's energy security has been under scrutiny since the conflict began, revealing the fragility of its supply chains and the risks of dependency on a single, volatile source. In 2019, Europe was heavily reliant on Russian gas. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the European Union imported around 40% of its total gas consumption from Russia, which amounted to approximately 155 billion cubic meters of natural gas. In 2022, this figure fell to 63 bcm, a decrease of 55%. The EU is committed to reducing its reliance on Russian gas in the long term. The REPowerEU plan, which was launched in March 2022, aims to double the EU's renewable energy capacity by 2030 and to reduce gas imports from Russia by two-thirds by the end of the year. The urgency to diversify energy has never been more apparent, and hydrogen is emerging as a frontrunner in the race to replace fossil fuels. Hydrogen, particularly green hydrogen produced through the electrolysis of water using renewable energy, offers a clean, versatile energy carrier that can be used across various sectors, including transportation, industry, and heating.Accelerating the ShiftThe REPowerEU plan is the European Commission's response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine and the subsequent energy crisis. It aims to make Europe independent from Russian fossil fuels as soon as possible, while accelerating the transition to clean energy.The plan is based on three pillars:Energy savings and energy efficiency: REPowerEU sets a target of reducing energy consumption by 13% by 2030, compared to previous projections. This will be achieved through a range of measures, including mandatory energy efficiency standards for buildings and appliances, and financial incentives to encourage energy efficiency upgrades.Diversification of energy supplies: REPowerEU aims to diversify Europe's energy supplies by increasing imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG) from other countries and by investing in renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power.Accelerated deployment of renewable energy: REPowerEU sets a target of increasing renewable energy capacity by 45% by 2030, compared to previous projections. This will be achieved through a range of measures, including simplifying permitting procedures for renewable energy projects and providing financial support for renewable energy development.The REPowerEU plan is significant because it represents a major acceleration of Europe's transition to clean energy. The plan is ambitious, but it is achievable with the right level of political and financial commitment.Economic ImplicationsThe transition to a hydrogen economy carries significant economic implications. On the one hand, it requires substantial investment in new technologies, infrastructure, and skills development. The initial costs are high, and the return on investment is long-term. However, these investments also present opportunities for economic growth and job creation. Developing a hydrogen economy can stimulate innovation, foster new industries, and reduce the costs of renewable energy over time.Moreover, reducing reliance on imported fossil fuels can improve trade balances and insulate economies from price shocks due to geopolitical conflicts. The current situation, with soaring gas prices and energy supply uncertainty, underscores the economic vulnerabilities that come with fossil fuel dependency.Here are some specific examples of the short-term economic implications of switching to a hydrogen economy in Europe:Higher energy prices: The cost of producing and transporting hydrogen is currently higher than the cost of producing and transporting fossil fuels. This means that energy prices are likely to rise in the short term as Europe transitions to a hydrogen economy.Slower economic growth: The high cost of the transition to a hydrogen economy is likely to lead to slower economic growth in the short term. This is because businesses will need to invest in new technologies and infrastructure, which will divert resources from other productive activities.Job losses in some sectors: The transition to a hydrogen economy is likely to lead to job losses in some sectors, such as the fossil fuel industry. This is because these sectors will be less competitive as the world transitions to a clean energy economy.Job creation in new sectors: The transition to a hydrogen economy is also likely to create jobs in new sectors, such as the hydrogen production, transportation, and storage sectors. This is because these sectors will need to be expanded to support the growth of the hydrogen economy.The EU has committed to investing €1 trillion in the hydrogen economy over the next decade. This investment is expected to create millions of jobs and boost the EU's GDP by 1%. However, the EU is also facing a number of economic challenges in the short term, including high inflation and supply chain disruptions. These challenges are likely to make the transition to a hydrogen economy more difficult and costly.Challenges AheadDespite the potential benefits, the transition to a hydrogen economy is not without challenges. The production of green hydrogen is currently more expensive than that of grey hydrogen, which is derived from natural gas. Scaling up production to meet demand and bringing down costs through technological advancements and economies of scale is crucial.Furthermore, the existing energy infrastructure in Europe is tailored to fossil fuels, and transitioning to hydrogen will require significant modifications. There is also the need for regulatory frameworks that support the hydrogen economy, including standards for production, storage, and distribution.The long-term effectsEurope's overdependence on imported fossil fuels, particularly from Russia, has exposed its vulnerability to supply disruptions and price volatility. A hydrogen economy offers a solution, reducing reliance on external energy sources and strengthening energy independence. By harnessing domestic renewable energy resources for hydrogen production, Europe can secure a stable and reliable energy supply, shielding itself from geopolitical tensions and market fluctuations.The current fossil fuel-based energy system is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, exacerbating climate change and its devastating impacts. A hydrogen economy, powered by renewable energy sources, presents a pathway to a sustainable future. Hydrogen's versatility allows it to decarbonize various sectors, from transportation to industrial processes, significantly reducing emissions and mitigating climate change.The transition to a hydrogen economy will not only reshape Europe's energy landscape but also fuel economic growth and job creation. The development of hydrogen infrastructure, production facilities, and end-use technologies will generate a surge in demand for skilled labor, driving innovation and entrepreneurship. A thriving hydrogen economy will create new industries, boost economic activity, and enhance Europe's competitiveness in the global energy market.ConclusionThe Russian-Ukraine war has acted as a wake-up call for Europe, highlighting the perils of energy complacency. It has provided a stark impetus to diversify energy sources and accelerate the transition to renewable energies, with hydrogen standing out as a viable, sustainable alternative. While the path to a hydrogen economy is fraught with challenges, the economic and security benefits are compelling. The conflict may well be remembered as a pivotal moment that galvanized Europe's commitment to a cleaner, more resilient energy future.Interesting Links for this topicWhen Russia invaded Ukraine, it became even more clear that the EU needed alternative ways to ensure its energy supply. While it is true that some member states historically imported more Russian gas than others, the consequences of possible disruptions would be jointly suffered by all. This is why it is imperative that all member states are in this together, ready to share gas with their neighbours in case of need.<a target="_blank" href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/repowereu-affordable-secure-and-sustainable-energy-europe_en">https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024/european-green-deal/repowereu-affordable-secure-and-sustainable-energy-europe_en</a>In 2022, hydrogen accounted for less than 2% of Europe’s energy consumption and was primarily used to produce chemical products, such as plastics and fertilisers. 96% of this hydrogen was produced with natural gas, resulting in significant amounts of CO2 emissions. The priority for the EU is to develop renewable hydrogen and it aims to produce 10 million tonnes and import 10 million tonnes by 2030.<a target="_blank" href="https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-systems-integration/hydrogen_en">https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-systems-integration/hydrogen_en</a>Europe is much better insulated today against a disruption of gas supplies through Ukraine, even if such an interruption would still hurt. But Europe’s tolerance for such dependence, and Russia’s antics, might be dwindling. That is the front to watch as this crisis unfolds.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.csis.org/analysis/can-european-energy-cope-conflict-ukraine">https://www.csis.org/analysis/can-european-energy-cope-conflict-ukraine</a>Most recently, the eagerly awaited Delegated Acts of Renewable Fuels of Non-Biological Origin (RFNBO) were adopted in June. This significant milestone provides regulatory clarity by defining under which conditions hydrogen and hydrogen-based fuels can be classified as RFNBO, as well as establishing the methodology for calculating associated greenhouse gas emissions savings.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/07/eu-policy-support-for-renewable-hydrogen-ramps-up-in-europe-as-global-competition-intensifies/">https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2023/07/eu-policy-support-for-renewable-hydrogen-ramps-up-in-europe-as-global-competition-intensifies/ </a>The current increase in wholesale energy prices in Europe has prompted governments to put in place measures to shield consumers from the direct impact of rising prices. The purpose of this dataset is to track and give a (non-exhaustive) overview of the different policies used by countries at national level to mitigate the effect of the price spike for consumers.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/national-policies-shield-consumers-rising-energy-prices">https://www.bruegel.org/dataset/national-policies-shield-consumers-rising-energy-prices</a>While preferring 'green' hydrogen (hydrogen produced from renewables like wind and solar electricity) over 'blue' hydrogen ((hydrogen produced from natural gas with carbon capture and storage (CCS) Germany and Norway will likely have to settle for blue, as the green alternative would require huge quantities of wind and solar which are currently missing from the supply options.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.pipeline-journal.net/news/germany-and-norway-agree-feasibility-study-building-hydrogen-pipeline">https://www.pipeline-journal.net/news/germany-and-norway-agree-feasibility-study-building-hydrogen-pipeline</a>In case you missed it: This is a public episode. If you would like to discuss this with other subscribers or get access to bonus episodes, visit <a href="https://changeofdirections.substack.com?utm_medium=podcast&utm_campaign=CTA_1">changeofdirections.substack.com</a>

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What is Change of Directions Newsletter Podcast?: Your best source of information about Hydrogen and Climate Change <a href="https://changeofdirections.substack.com?utm_medium=podcast">changeofdirections.substack.com</a>
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