Welcome to Riisfeldt Neurology Education, a not-for-profit, free open access project with a philosophical touch exploring all areas of clinical neurology! I’m your host, Dr Thomas D. Riisfeldt, an Australian neurologist, epileptologist and neurophysiologist/neuromuscular specialist, and also a physician, philosopher and bioethicist. This podcast is aimed at medical students, neurologists/physicians and their trainees, and any other medical, nursing or allied health professionals involved in the care of patients with neurological conditions. From cortex to curiosity... Keep calm and synapse on!
Diagnostic reasoning 101: Generating a differential diagnosis in medicine & neurology
Welcome 2026! The first episode of the new year goes back to absolute fundamentals, discussing the foundations of diagnostic reasoning and how to generate a differential diagnosis in both medicine as a whole and in neurology, falling within our clinical methods series. We begin by discussing systems 1 vs. systems 2 thinking, along with examples provided for each and when each system is appropriate, before moving onto the details of systems 2 thinking, focusing on the aetiological/pathophysiological categories of disease, functional anatomy, and how to marry these together to generate comprehensive differential diagnoses. The episode includes very my coveted, patented (not really!), never-shared-publicly-before mnemonic for a very special surgical sieve. We then discuss how these are applied to medicine and specifically to neurology, focussing on each part of the neuraxis/central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS), along with focussing on anatomical patterns (e.g. unilateral vs. bilateral, symmetry, upper vs. lower limbs, motor vs. sensory vs. sensorimotor, whether any ocular, bulbar or pulmonary involvement) and consideration of single vs. multiple lesion patterns to answer the age-old “where is the lesion?” question, as well as considering the tempo of symptom onset (hyperacute, acute, subacute or chronic) to strongly hint answers at the “what is the lesion?” question, to arrive at a provisional diagnosis and sensible investigation and initial management plan. This episode is perfect for medical students and junior doctors, and more senior audience members should also derive value.#medicaleducation #meded #medicine #neurology #doctor #rneurologyeducation
29 Dec 2025
SGLT2 inhibitors and reduced risk of Parkinson’s disease and dementia: Journal club
This episode continues our run of journal club episodes, this time looking at whether SGLT2 inhibitors used for type 2 diabetes mellitus have any associated reduction in dementia (such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia) and Parkinson’s disease, therefore falling into these respective series as well. The content of this episode is best suited for more senior audience members (neurologists and neurology trainees), although all audience members (including medical students) will derive benefit from the way it teaches how to dissect a journal article, demonstrating the process involved in this critical evaluation and ultimately teaching how to decide in what ways a journal article applies to your daily clinical practice.#medicaleducation #diabetes #parkinsonsdisease #dementia #neurology #rneurologyeducation
This instalment brings another journal club episode, this time in the Parkinson’s disease and movement disorders series, focussing on the diagnostic accuracy of dopamine uptake scans (DAT SPECT; DaTscan) for Parkinson’s disease and the other primary extrapyramidal disorders/Parkinson’s plus syndromes (progressive supranuclear palsy, PSP; multiple system atrophy, MSA; corticobasal degeneration, CBD), and distinguishing these from other neurodegenerative conditions which may manifest with Parkinsonian features, and from other non-neurodegenerative conditions such as essential tremor, dystonic tremor, drug-induced Parkinsonism and vascular Parkinsonism. The episode also provides an example of critically evaluating a journal article and determining how it should be applied in daily practice, an essential and transferable skill across all of clinical medicine. This is a more advanced episode, best suited for neurology trainees and neurologists, although other audience members should also find it valuable.#medicaleducation #doctor #parkinsonsdisease #journalclub #rneurologyeducation
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