Vascular Adviser Podcast

About Vascular Adviser Podcast

The audio files provided on the Thrombosis Adviser channel are intended for viewers outside the USA and the UK only. Thrombosis Adviser is an online resource for physicians and patients about current and emerging therapies for thromboembolic disease including venous thrombosis (VTE), atrial fibrillation (AF), and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The Thrombosis Adviser podcast series is intended to provide information to HPCs. Imprint Published by: Bayer AG, Leverkusen, Germany represented by the Management Board: Werner Baumann, Chairman Bill Anderson, Sarena Lin, Wolfgang Nickl, Stefan Oelrich, Rodrigo Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee 1 51373 Leverkusen, Germany Tel.: +49 (0)214 30-1 E-mail: Inquiries can be sent to info@bayer.com or using our contact form. Entry in the Commercial Register of the Cologne District Court (Amtsgericht): HRB 48248 Turnover tax ID no.: DE 123659859 Edited by: Bayer AG Communications & Public Affairs

Publisher

Vascular Adviser Team

Category

education

Language

en

Explicit

No

First episode

22 Feb 2022

Latest episode

3 Apr 2023

Latest episodes

1 of 8 episodes have a transcript.

1. 

   3 Apr 2023

   XARENO 2 - Year Data - Expert Podcast With Manesh Patel And Peter Rossing

   How do new insights from the XARENO study impact treatment options for patients with AF and advanced CKD? In this episode, Dr Manesh Patel and Dr Peter Rossing expand upon the XARENO 2-year outcomes data presented at the ACC 2023 congress. The experts provide cardiology and endocrinology perspectives into how these results add to the wealth of randomized clinical trial and real-world data to determine the treatment options for patients with AF and advanced CKD. The views and opinions expressed throughout this podcast are those of the speakers based on their expertise and do not necessarily reflect those of Bayer. The Bayer product rivaroxaban is discussed during this episode. Rivaroxaban is indicated for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in adult patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation with one or more risk factors, such as congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes mellitus, prior stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Further details: • The ACC 2023 presentation of the 2-year XARENO data can be accessed here: https://www.abstractsonline.com/pp8/#!/10674/presentation/19112 • The 1-year results from the XARENO study can be found here https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.13927, here https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kai-Hahn2/publication/360217368_ACC22_XARENO_Poster_Final/links/6268ee8e8e6d637bd101 b8d0/ACC22-XARENO-Poster-Final.pdf and here https://www.jacc.org/doi/abs/10.1016/S0735-1097%2822%2901192-5 • The XARENO study design is available here: https://journals.viamedica.pl/kardiologia_polska/article/view/86346 • Access the ROCKET AF manuscript here: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1009638 • The 2020 ESC guidelines for AF treatment can be accessed here: https://www.escardio.org/Guidelines/Clinical-Practice-Guidelines/Atrial-FibrillationManagement • AF treatment guidelines published by the AHA/ACC/AHS in 2019 can be found here: 230313-XARENO 2 year outcomes podcast shownotes-draft3 4 https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000665 • For anticoagulant dosing information, see the European labels for apixaban (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_- _Product_Information/human/002148/WC500107728.pdf), dabigatran (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_- _Product_Information/human/000829/WC500041059.pdf), edoxaban (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_- _Product_Information/human/002629/WC500189045.pdf), rivaroxaban (https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/xarelto-epar-productinformation_en.pdf) and warfarin (https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/3064/smpc) MA-M_RIV-ALL-1368-2 & MA-M_RIV-ALL-1370-2

2. 

   6 Sept 2022

   The beginning of the end for NOACs? The extra mile

   This podcast is a follow-up to Bayer’s symposium at ESC 2022, ‘The beginning of the end for NOACs? The extra mile’. In this episode, Dr Manesh Patel and Professor Rupert Bauersachs expand on the discussions from the symposium, providing further insight into the management of frail patients with AF and VTE. The experts also provide their perspectives on the treatment of paediatric patients with VTE and patients with cancer-associated thrombosis, evaluating the available evidence to guide decision-making for these particularly vulnerable patients. The views and opinions expressed throughout this podcast are those of the speakers based on their expertise and do not necessarily reflect those of Bayer. Further details: • The EINSTEIN programme publications can be found here for EINSTEIN PE (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1113572), EINSTEIN DVT (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1007903), EINSTEIN Pooled (https://thrombosisjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1477-9560-11-21), EINSTEIN CHOICE (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1700518) and EINSTEIN JUNIOR (https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(19)30219-4/fulltext) • Real-world evidence published by Craig Coleman on the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban versus warfarin in frail patients with VTE can be accessed here: https://www.amjmed.com/article/S0002-9343(18)30202-X/fulltext • The XALIA study publication can be found here: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(15)00257-4/fulltext • The findings from the XANTUS trial are available here: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/37/14/1145/2466063 • Access the ROCKET AF manuscript here: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1009638 • The elderly subgroup analysis of ROCKET AF can be found here: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circulationaha.113.005008 • Findings from the SAFIR trial can be accessed here: https://heart.bmj.com/content/107/17/1376 • Find the edoxaban phase II trial paper here: https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1160/TH10-01-0066 • Read the SELECT-D study paper here: https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2018.78.8034 • Information on the OSCAR trials can be found here for the UK (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05112666, https://abstracts.isth.org/abstract/comparison-of-effectiveness-and-safety-of-direct-oral-anticoagulant-versus-low-molecular-weight-heparin-treatment-for-venous-thromboembolism-in-patients-with-active-cancer-the-oscar-uk-study/) and the US (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04979780, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006497121040908) • Details on the Mayo Clinic prospective cohort study are available here: https://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(21)00435-3/fulltext • Support for the proportion of patients not receiving anticoagulation can be accessed here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4278389/#CIT0011 • For anticoagulant dosing information, see the European labels for apixaban (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/002148/WC500107728.pdf), dabigatran (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000829/WC500041059.pdf), edoxaban (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/002629/WC500189045.pdf), rivaroxaban (https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/xarelto-epar-product-information_en.pdf) and warfarin (https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/3064/smpc) Audio: MA-M_RIV-ALL-1236-1 Shownotes: MA-M_RIV-ALL-1237-1

3. 

   15 Jun 2022

   Extended anticoagulation in patients with VTE: The importance of patient preference

   In this episode, Professor Jan Beyer-Westendorf and Professor Rupert Bauersachs discuss the latest real-world evidence for the extended treatment of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE). They focus on data published from the all-comer Dresden NOAC Registry, which provides important insights on the adherence patterns of patients with VTE on anticoagulation treatment beyond 12 months. Our experts also discuss the FIRST and SWIVTER registries, and how their findings highlight the importance of patient preference in maintaining patient persistence with extended treatment in order for patients to gain the full benefits of their treatment. The views and opinions expressed throughout this podcast are those of the speakers based on their expertise and do not necessarily reflect those of Bayer. • You can read the most up to date CHEST guidelines here: https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(21)01507-5/fulltext • The Dresden NOAC Registry showed high persistence of patients with VTE on rivaroxaban, these results can be viewed here: https://www.thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049-3848(21)00515-6/fulltext • EINSTEIN CHOICE investigated the extended treatment of VTE patients with rivaroxaban versus aspirin, results from the trial can be found here: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1700518 • The FIRST registry is the largest real-world evidence registry for rivaroxaban to date, read about its findings on treatment adherence here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8606029/ • Read more about the insights from the SWIVTER registry here: https://www.thiemeconnect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1160/TH16-03-0209 • The EINSTEIN EXTENSION study our experts discuss in this podcast can be found here: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1007903 Extended treatment VTE podcast-draft1 4 • The pooled results from the EINSTEIN PE and EINSTEIN DVT studies are available here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3850944/ • For anticoagulant dosing information, see the European labels for apixaban (Eliquis) (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_- _Product_Information/human/002148/WC500107728.pdf), dabigatran (Pradaxa) (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_- _Product_Information/human/000829/WC500041059.pdf), edoxaban (Lixiana) (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_- _Product_Information/human/002629/WC500189045.pdf), rivaroxaban (Xarelto) (https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/xarelto-epar-productinformation_en.pdf) and warfarin (https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/3064/smpc) Recording approval: PP-XAR-ALL-2638-1 Shownotes approval: PP-XAR-ALL-2639-1

4. 

   8 Jun 2022TRANSCRIPT

   What does the XARENO study mean for our patients with atrial fibrillation and kidney disease?

   In this podcast, Dr Manesh Patel, Professor Reinhold Kreutz and Dr Andrew Steele discuss the results of the XARENO study and its implications for patients with AF and chronic kidney disease. This group of experts share their insights on how cardiologists and nephrologists can work most effectively together in multi-disciplinary teams to provide optimal care for these patients. The views and opinions expressed throughout this podcast are those of the speakers based on their expertise and do not necessarily reflect those of Bayer AG. Further details: • The paper on the rationale and design of the XARENO study can be found here: https://journals.viamedica.pl/kardiologia_polska/article/view/86346 • The XARENO abstract presented at ACC 2022 is available here: https://www.jacc.org/doi/10.1016/S0735-1097%2822%2901192-5 • The results of XARENO presented at AHA 2020 can be accessed here: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.13927 • Further information on the XARENO trial can be found on the clinicaltrials.gov page here: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02663076 • The paper on the ANTENNA study can be found here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167527322001905 • The 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation featuring the ABC pathway for AF treatment are available here: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/5/373/5899003 • Find the 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation here: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000665 • The EHRA practical guide on the use of NOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation can be accessed here: https://academic.oup.com/europace/article/23/10/1612/6247378 • For anticoagulant dosing information, see the European labels for apixaban (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/002148/WC500107728.pdf), dabigatran (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/000829/WC500041059.pdf), edoxaban (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Product_Information/human/002629/WC500189045.pdf), rivaroxaban (https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/xarelto-epar-product-information_en.pdf) and warfarin (https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/3064/smpc) and the Canadian label for rivaroxaban (https://pdf.hres.ca/dpd_pm/00059600.PDF) Shownotes: MA-M_RIV-ALL-1212-1 Recording: MA-M_RIV-ALL-1205-1

5. 

   18 May 2022

   Anticoagulation in cardiology: Protecting what matters for your patients with VTE

   In this episode, Professor Jan Beyer-Westendorf and Dr Cecilia Becattini discuss the treatment of vulnerable patients with venous thromboembolism. In particular, they focus on the treatment of patients who have received the devastating diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Other specific patient groups are also discussed, including patients who are considered vulnerable and therefore carry a significant additional burden, even beyond the heavy load afforded by a VTE diagnosis. These include frail patients, children and those who are also navigating a cancer diagnosis and treatment. Practical guidance for the treatment of these patients is discussed, based upon a hierarchy of risk and the options available to physicians at each point along the spectrum, from intensive care admission to home treatment. The views and opinions expressed throughout this podcast are those of the speakers based on their expertise and do not necessarily reflect those of Bayer. Further details: • Further details on the HoT-PE study of rivaroxaban for the home treatment of PE can be found here: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/41/4/509/5497670 • Further details on the EINSTEIN-Junior phase III clinical trial of rivaroxaban for the treatment and prevention of VTE in paediatric patients can be found here: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanhae/article/PIIS2352-3026(19)30219-4/fulltext • An overview of the CALLISTO program of studies of rivaroxaban in patients with cancer-associated thrombosis can be found here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rth2.12327 • Further details on studies within the CALLISTO program can be found through the following links: – CASSINI: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1814630 – CASTA-DIVA: https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(21)04079-4/fulltext – SELECT-D: https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2018.78.8034 – COSIMO: https://www.thrombosisresearch.com/article/S0049-3848(21)00381-9/fulltext • The 2019 European Society of Cardiology guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism, developed in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society, can be found here: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/eurheartj/ehz405 • The American College of Chest Physicians guidelines for antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease can be found here: https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(15)00335-9/fulltext • The summary of product characteristics for rivaroxaban can be found here: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/2793/smpc#gref • The summary of product characteristics for apixaban can be found here: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/2878/smpc#gref • The summary of product characteristics for edoxaban can be found here: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/6905/smpc#gref • The summary of product characteristics for dabigatran can be found here: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/4703/smpc#gref Recording approval code: PP-XAR-ALL-2606 Shownotes approval code: PP-XAR-ALL-2607

6. 

   29 Mar 2022

   EHRA 2022 - Expert Podcast With John Camm And Keith Fox

   This podcast is a follow-up to Bayer’s symposium at EHRA 2022 ‘What if? Protecting your patients with AF from stroke, no matter their journey.’ In this discussion, Professor John Camm and Professor Keith Fox provide further insight as to why patients with AF undergoing PCI need such close attention when choosing an antithrombotic regimen. They also explore additional considerations for the management of patients with AF undergoing elective PCI. Finally, the experts provide their perspectives on how patients with AF undergoing catheter ablation can be best protected from cardioembolic stroke. The views and opinions expressed throughout this podcast are those of the speakers based on their expertise and do not necessarily reflect those of Bayer. Further details: • Read the 2020 ESC guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation here: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/5/373/5899003 • The 2020 ESC guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes can be found here: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/42/14/1289/5898842 • Find the 2019 AHA/ACC/HRS focused update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guidelines for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation here: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000665 • The EHRA practical guide on the use of NOACs in patients with atrial fibrillation can be accessed here: https://academic.oup.com/europace/article/23/10/1612/6247378 • The papers for the trials investigating NOACs in patients with AF undergoing PCI can be found here for rivaroxaban (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1611594), apixaban (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1817083), edoxaban (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673619318720) and dabigatran (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1708454) • The findings from the Japanese study of rivaroxaban monotherapy versus rivaroxaban plus clopidogrel, the AFIRE trial, is available here: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1904143 • Data from the COMPASS trial can be accessed here: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1709118 • For anticoagulant dosing information, see the European labels for apixaban (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_- _Product_Information/human/002148/WC500107728.pdf), dabigatran (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_- _Product_Information/human/000829/WC500041059.pdf), edoxaban (http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_- _Product_Information/human/002629/WC500189045.pdf), rivaroxaban (https://www.ema.europa.eu/documents/product-information/xarelto-epar-productinformation_en.pdf) and warfarin (https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/3064/smpc) • For antiplatelet dosing information, see the European labels for clopidogrel (https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/plavix-epar-productinformation_en.pdf), prasugrel (https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/productinformation/efient-epar-product-information_en.pdf) and ticagrelor (https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/brilique-epar-productinformation_en.pdf) • The European label for pantoprazole can be accessed here: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/pantoloc-control-eparproduct-information_en.pdf Show notes: MA-M_RIV-ALL-1173-1 Recording: MA-M_RIV-ALL-1172-1

7. 

   22 Feb 2022

   Preserving limbs and avoiding repeat revascularization in patients with PAD

   In this episode, Dr Sonia Anand and Professor Rupert Bauersachs discuss practical perspectives on how vascular surgeons can improve outcomes in patients with symptomatic PAD undergoing peripheral revascularization. Further details: • The results of the COMPASS trial can be found here: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa1709118 • A subgroup analysis of patients with PAD in the COMPASS trial can be accessed here: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)32409-1/fulltext • A subanalysis of the COMPASS trial investigating the net clinical benefit of dual pathway inhibition is available here: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046048 • The findings from the VOYAGER PAD trial can be found here: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa2000052 • The study investigating the total ischaemic event reduction with rivaroxaban in VOYAGER PAD can be accessed here: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0735109721050166 • A meta-analysis of the COMPASS and VOYAGER trials is available here: https://academic.oup.com/eurjpc/advance-article/doi/10.1093/eurjpc/zwab128/6360030 • More information on the effect of concomitant clopidogrel on the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban and aspirin in VOYAGER can be found here: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050465 • The CASPAR paper can be accessed here: https://www.jvascsurg.org/article/S0741-5214(10)00981-X/fulltext • The Dutch BOA trial paper is available here: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(99)07199-8/fulltext • The summary of product characteristics for rivaroxaban can be found here: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/xarelto-epar-product-information_en.pdf • The summary of product characteristics for clopidogrel can be found here: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/5288/smpc

8. 

   22 Feb 2022

   Treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis: What is the evidence for rivaroxaban?

   In this episode, Professor Cihan Ay and Dr Jeffrey Weitz and provide an overview of the evidence base for the use of rivaroxaban in CAT, including randomized controlled clinical trials, real-world studies and data regarding patient satisfaction and quality of life. Further details: • The paper on the CLOT trial investigating the efficacy of dalteparin versus oral anticoagulation in preventing recurrent thrombosis in patients with cancer is available here: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa025313 • Papers on the five randomized controlled trials comparing NOACs with dalteparin for the treatment of CAT can be accessed here: SELECT-D and CASTA DIVA with rivaroxaban (https://ascopubs.org/doi/10.1200/JCO.2018.78.8034 and https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(21)04079-4/fulltext), ADAM VTE and Caravaggio with apixaban (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/jth.14662 and https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1915103) and Hokusai VTE Cancer with edoxaban (https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1711948) • Information on the CALLISTO programme can be found here: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rth2.12327 • Details on the COSIMO study are available here: https://thrombosisjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12959-018-0176-2 and https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/134/Supplement_1/2161/427953/Baseline-Characteristics-and-Clinical-Outcomes • Information on the CONKO-011 study can be accessed here: https://abstracts.isth.org/abstract/improved-patient-reported-treatment-satisfaction-with-rivaroxaban-as-compared-to-low-molecular-weight-heparins-for-cancer-patients-with-acute-venous-thromboembolism-results-from-the-conko-011-trial/ and https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02583191 • Study information for the OSCAR studies can be found here for OSCAR-US (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04979780), OSCAR-UK (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05112666) and OSCAR-SE (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05150938) • The abstract of the OSCAR-US presentation at ASH 2021 is available here: https://ash.confex.com/ash/2021/webprogram/Paper151566.html • The American Society of Hematology 2021 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: prevention and treatment in patients with cancer guidelines can be accessed here: https://ashpublications.org/bloodadvances/article-lookup/doi/10.1182/bloodadvances.2020003442

Inside a recent episode

What does the XARENO study mean for our patients with atrial fibrillation and kidney disease?

Published 8 Jun 2022 · Transcript excerpt

[…] Importantly, also, it's a prospective registry that looked first at traditional outcomes such as stroke, other thrombomoblic events, major bleeding and all cost mortality, but also analyze kidney outcomes, such as changing EGF R progression towards CKD stage five or end stage kidney disease, and the need for initiation of chronic greener replacement therapy in this vulnerable group of patients with already advanced chronic kidney disease. Now from the perspective of nephrologist, what do you think and are the important findings of Xerino? Well, thank you for the question. This is clearly an area where there was a void in our clinical knowledge. […]

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