YLYK
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January 12, 2021
1.12 封号、弹劾、起诉，特朗普将面临怎样的追责？
封号、弹劾、起诉，特朗普将面临怎样的追责？ 2021.01.12 肖云照 CSE9 课程导读 上周美国国会大厦遭受特朗普支持者冲击，让原本被很多人赋予美好希望的2021开年不利。虽然暴乱在当天就得到控制，但仍旧后续不断。即将下台的特朗普，会被追究国会大厦事件的责任吗？目前仍身为一国总统的他，如果被追责，又会面临什么样的后果呢？一起来听今天的讲解。 本文封面图片选自Australia online news，如有版权问题，请联系删除。 本篇课程首发于2021年1月12日 英文原文 Will Trump and His Republican Allies Ever Face Consequences? 特朗普和他的共和党盟友会受到惩罚吗？ By Spencer Bokat-Lindell On Wednesday, a mob of President Trump’s supporters acting at his behest launched a destructive assault on the Capitol that led to the police fatally shooting a woman in the halls of Congress. 周三，一群特朗普总统的支持者在他的要求下，对国会大厦发动了破坏性袭击，在这次袭击中警方在国会大厅击毙了一名女性。 At the center of the campaign was President Trump, who has courted extremists like QAnon adherents and the Proud Boys in a bid to subvert the election. Politicians and pundits have proposed a few ways of holding him accountable. 这次活动的关键人物是特朗普总统，他向“匿名者Q”(QAnon)组织追随者和“骄傲男孩”(Proud Boys)组织等极端分子示好，企图颠覆选举结果。政界人士和专家提出了几种追责手段。 The 25th Amendment: The 25th Amendment of the Constitution allows for the removal of the president from office if the vice president and a majority of the cabinet determine that he is unfit. 第二十五条修正案：《宪法》第二十五条修正案规定，如果副总统和多数内阁成员认为在任总统不适合担任总统，可以将其免职。 Impeachment: Deeming him “too dangerous to leave in office for even another minute,” the Times columnist Bret Stephens argues Congress must immediately impeach and convict Mr. Trump, which could potentially bar him from ever holding office again. 弹劾：《纽约时报》专栏作家布雷特·斯蒂芬斯认为，特朗普“太危险，在总统的位置上一分钟都不能多待”，国会必须立即对其进行弹劾、定罪，这样可能将避免他以后再当总统。 Prosecution: Some have argued that at this point, simply removing Mr. Trump from office would be an insufficient punishment, given that participating in an attempted overthrow of the government is a federal crime. 起诉：一些人认为，鉴于参与政变未遂属于联邦罪行，目前仅仅罢免特朗普是不够的。 Deplatforming: After the mayhem on Wednesday, the president was suspended from Twitter for 12 hours and from Facebook for at least the next two weeks, but Greg Bensinger argues in The Times that the bans should be permanent. 关闭社交媒体账号：在周三的混乱之后，特朗普总统的Twitter账号被临时关闭12个小时，Facebook账号被冻结至少两周，但格雷格·本辛格在《纽约时报》上提出，特朗普的账号应该永久性关停。 【内容拓展】 托克维尔在《论美国的民主》中写道： “美国人的巨大优点，在于他们允许犯错误，而事后又能纠正错误。我认为，对于公务人员的甄选，一般说来也是如此。不难发现，美国的民主常在选择受托执政的人员方面犯错误；但要解释在被选错的人执政期间，美国为什么会照样繁荣，那就不容易了。”
January 11, 2021
1.11 有气味的电影，会引领下一场观影风潮吗？
有气味的电影，会引领下一场观影风潮吗？ 2021.01.11 Mat CSE8 课程导读 如今，人们尝试通过各种技术手段来营造更为真实的场景体验，比如3D电影、VR技术，都从视觉和听觉方面给人带来一种身临其境的感觉。然而，嗅觉也是重要的感官之一，自二十世纪初期以来，制片人们就开始尝试为电影配上气味，以提升人们的观影体验。气味如何通过电视、电影传递？为什么这种技术没有实现普及？一起来听今天的讲解。 本文封面图片选自1001 Consejos，如有版权问题，请联系删除。 本篇课程首发于2021年1月11日 英文原文 The people who want to send smells through your TV 那些想用电视向你传递气味的人 By Mark Ellwood Frederik Duerinck isn't a jeweller, but his next project is a necklace. This piece, though, doesn't feature a precious stone as a pendant, but rather a small box. Inside the cube is a battery and scenting system designed to deliver a puff of fragrance on demand. 弗雷德克·迪林克并非珠宝商，但他接下来的计划是做项链。不过，这种“项链”的特色不是用一颗宝石作吊坠，而是挂了一个小盒子。在这个小盒子里有一块电池和气味装置，用来随时按需传递香气。 In the movie era, attempts to add scent began as early as 1916. Then came Smellovision, unveiled in 1939, it was little more than a series of pipes attached to viewers' chairs through which a projectionist could deliver smell in sync with the images they were showing. Smellovision itself, was a flop, largely because the scent technology worked so poorly – the scents were too diffuse to give a satisfactory experience. Clearing an odour in a timely fashion for the next to waft freely was also troublesome. A rival system, known as Aromarama, displayed similar shortcomings. 电影诞生后，人们早在1916年就开始尝试给电影配上气味。然后是1939年推出的Smellovision气味装置，它只不过是连接在观众椅子上的一系列管道，放映员可以用这些管道传递与他们正在放映的图像同步的气味。Smellovision这个尝试还是失败了，很大程度上是因为这种传递气味的技术效果太差：气味太发散，观众体验感并不好。而且，及时清除空间里残留的气味，给另一种气味让道，也是一件麻烦事。它的竞争对手AromaRama装置也有类似的缺陷。 The filmmaker John Waters tried scratch and sniff cards in the early 1980s, but no other filmmaker copied his gimmick. 在20世纪80年代初，电影制片人约翰·沃特斯尝试做了气味刮刮卡，但没有哪个电影制片人模仿他的小把戏。 Even now, though, as the world of entertainment has become more high-tech, and immersive with virtual reality headsets, odour remains the one element that is elusive and hard to replicate. Perhaps the most fundamental problem is that we don't yet fully understand how our sense of smell functions. 然而，即便是现在，随着娱乐界越来越高科技，虚拟现实耳机让人身临其境，气味仍然是一个难以捉摸和复制的元素。也许最根本的问题是，我们都还没有完全了解我们的嗅觉是如何运作的。 应版权方要求，此内容仅对英国以外地区开放
January 10, 2021
1.10 为《纽约时报》抓错别字，是种什么体验
为《纽约时报》抓错别字，是种什么体验？ 2021.01.10 韩冰彬 CSE7 课程导读 提供准确的信息，是新闻从业者重要的职业准则。审校编辑是一份报纸付印前的质量把关人，即使是微小的错误，也会让他们彻夜难眠。近日，《纽约时报》的一位审校编辑撰文，以幽默的语言风格谈论了自己的工作感受。《纽约时报》对编辑们有什么要求？当一篇稿件中出现不可避免的错误时，编辑们如何应对？一起来听今天的讲解。 本文封面图片选自unsplash.com，如有版权问题，请联系删除。 本篇课程首发于2021年1月10日 英文原文 Because of an Editing Error “因编辑失误……” By David Vecsey My job, simply speaking, is to get things right. So there is no worse feeling than the realization that you have entered a correctable error into print and that a correction will appear a day or two later to proclaim, "Because of an editing error …" 简而言之，我的职责就是确保登报的内容无误。因此，最糟糕的感觉，莫过于在付印之后，你意识到自己犯了一个原可以避免的错误，而一两天后，报纸上将刊登一条勘误声明：“因编辑失误……” There is no escaping the page of the newspaper that you have marred; it reappears everywhere you look: blowing down the sidewalk, on a subway car, wrapped around the sea bass you've just bought at the market. 你休想摆脱被自己玷污的那页报纸。它会一次次出现在你的眼前：它要么在人行道上随风飘荡，要么现身于地铁车厢，要么你去趟市场，它都会被用来包你买的海鲈鱼。 The Times has strict policies on corrections: If it's wrong, even if just for a few minutes online or in one edition of the print newspaper, it is supposed to get a correction. Reporters and editors are expected to self-report their mistakes, which can make you feel a little like Bart Simpson writing on the blackboard, "I will never misquote Shakespeare again." But it is this dedication to accuracy that earns the trust of our readers. 《纽约时报》对勘误的规定很严格。如果出了错，即使只是上线了几分钟，或者只是在一个印版中出现，那就要出勘误。记者和编辑们都要自己报错，这感觉就好像在著名的动画场景里，巴特·辛普森被罚写黑板：“我再也不乱引用莎士比亚了”。然而，正是这份对准确的执着，赢得了读者对我们的信任。 The Corrections listings are one of the first things I read every day, and that is a common practice among many copy editors. It's not necessarily an act of schadenfreude as much as it's a daily reminder of the importance of diligence: Double-check your math. Look up even the most famous of quotations. 每天一早，我首先要读的内容之一就是勘误信息栏。这也是不少审校编辑的例行公事。这倒不全是一种幸灾乐祸的乐趣，也是一种日常提醒：细致很重要。必须反复确认。就算是最广为人知的名人名言，也要检查出处。 But Times corrections are so much more than pedestrian spelling mistakes. They are wonderfully nuanced cultural explorations. When we misidentified the name of Bilbo Baggins's sword in "The Hobbit" as Orcrist the Goblin Cleaver, it was both the greatest and the nerdiest correction of all time. 但《纽约时报》勘误绝不仅是平平无奇的拼写错误。它是一场文化探索，其中充满了美妙的细枝末节。小说《霍比特人》中，比尔博·巴金斯有一把剑。我们曾把它的名字误写成了“名为兽咬剑的斩妖刀”。这种错误，只有读书成痴的人才纠得出。这也是迄今为止最令人叫绝的一次勘误。 One of the veteran reporters said, "Doctors bury their mistakes. Lawyers lock theirs away. But reporters print theirs for the whole damn world to see." 一位资深记者曾说：“医生埋葬自己的错误，律师把它们束之高阁，而记者却把自己的错误印出来，全世界谁都能看。” In the 30-some years from then to now, if there's one thing I've learned, it's that you have to shake off your mistakes and move on. 如果要让我说说，自己从业30多年来最重要的心得，那就是：你必须放下自己的过错，不惧开启新篇章。 【背景知识】 1. 巴特·辛普森被罚写黑板：我再也不乱引用莎士比亚了 《辛普森一家》是美国现象级动画片，其中的小男孩儿Bart Simpson被罚写黑板的场景已成为流行文化中的经典梗（此图为我们为了配合本文而制作的插图，并不是来自于动画片的场景）。 2. 文中提到的《纽约时报》经典勘误： 2011年4月，在一篇介绍棒球队员的文章中，《纽约时报》的一名记者引用了棒球队员的话，但是没有查证出处，因此将小说《霍比特人》主人翁比尔博·巴金斯的武器误写为了Orcrist the Goblin Cleaver，引起了《霍比特人》书迷的愤慨。以下是当时的勘误内容截图：
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