Bei genauem Hinsehen finden wir die Naturwissenschaft und besonders Mathematik überall in unserem Leben, vom Wasserhahn über die automatischen Temporegelungen an Autobahnen, in der Medizintechnik bis hin zum Mobiltelefon. Woran die Forscher, Absolventen und Lehrenden in Karlsruhe gerade tüfteln, erfahren wir hier aus erster Hand.
Modellansatz
Claim This Podcastby Gudrun Thäter, Sebastian Ritterbusch
256 episodes
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Podcast Overview
Bei genauem Hinsehen finden wir die Naturwissenschaft und besonders Mathematik überall in unserem Leben, vom Wasserhahn über die automatischen Temporegelungen an Autobahnen, in der Medizintechnik bis hin zum Mobiltelefon. Woran die Forscher, Absolventen und Lehrenden in Karlsruhe gerade tüfteln, erfahren wir hier aus erster Hand.
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10/3/2013
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Recent Episodes
June 19, 2026
Fractional Laplacian
Gudrun talks with Debajyoti Choudhuri. He is staying at KIT as a short term guest. He is Associate Professor in the School of Basic Sciences at IIT Bhubaneswar, India. He did his M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Mathematics at the University of Hyderabad. His research interest lies in the analysis of elliptic PDEs using Functional Analytic and topological methods. In this he touches and has a slight overlap with the research of Gudrun. The conversation starts with the discussion about a small paper which Debajyoti put on the archiv. It is about understanding how to work with the Fractional Laplacian. This means extending the classical Laplace operator Δ to non-integer powers. This operator is the main part in PDEs which model, e.g, anomalous diffusion, probability theory, image processing, finance, and nonlocal mechanics. (-Δ)s, where s is in (0,1). What makes It different to the ordinary Laplacian? While the traditional Laplace operator is local, i.e. it depends only on values of u and its derivatives near x, the fractional Laplacian is nonlocal, it depends on values of u everywhere in space. Thus, for the analytical and numerical treatment one needs very different methods. There are several possible definitions. Some of them can be found in the Wikipedia article which is cited below. On ℝn, the cleanest definition is the Fourier definition which follows the idea: Take the Fourier transform. Multiply by |ξ|2s. Transform back. In the short paper which is discussed the singular integral definition is used: For s in (0,1): (-Δ)^s u(x) = C(n,s) PV ∫ [u(x) - u(y)] / |x - y|^(n + 2s) dy This makes the nonlocality explicit: every point y contributes to the value at x. The method central in studying Laplace problems is variational. It considers an (infinite) family of generalised problems and works on the existence of so-called weak solutions. These problems are formulated with the help of . The weak solution for the Laplace problem is an element of the space H1=W1,2. This means the solution and its (generalised) gradient are bounded in L2 in the domain in which the problem is solved. This has physical meaning and due to known properties (embedding) of Sobolev spaces the pointwise (strong) solutions often can be constructed when enough regularitiy of the weak solutions is proved. Fractional Laplacians naturally live in fractional Sobolev spaces. These are not that easy to connect to physical properties and a few of the equivalent definitions in the context of classical Sobolev spaces are not equivalent any more everywhere. Common approaches for numerics for PDEs including the fractional Laplacian are: Fourier spectral methods (periodic domains), Finite element methods for fractional PDEs, Matrix-function methods (As), Caffarelli–Silvestre extension methods, Quadrature approximations of singular integrals. The Extension trick introduced by Caffarelli and Silvestre in 2007 (their original paper is cited below) is also discussed as part of the short note. p-laplacian augurs well in the sense because the unicity of the definitions of the s-laplacian is still lacking. The conversation then turns to how Debajyoti found his way into mathematics and the topic of PDEs and how life and work feel like in his university.
June 7, 2026
LLM statistics
This episode was recorded in March 2026. Gudrun speaks again with Nadja Klein and Moussa Kassem Sbeyti who work at the Scientific Computing Center (SCC) at KIT in Karlsruhe. As a new person in our conversation we welcome Nicolas Bianco. The research of the scientists in Nadja's MBD Lab is at the intersection of statistics and machine learning. It spans theoretical analysis, method development and real-world applications. Last time we focussed on Baysian statistics. With the help of Nicolas we want to examplify how interdisciplinary work is done and how his journey led him into this field of research. Since in this episode we very much focussed on Nicolas decision process and steps in his carrier we plan to have an episode on the topics later in the year.
December 9, 2025
Pagerank
Diese Folge ist ein Türchen im Adventskalender 2025 von Wissenschaftspodcasts.de. Es ist schon schwer genug, sich geeignete Weihnachtsgeschenke zu überlegen, aber mit einer Idee muss diese dann auch erst im Netz gefunden werden. Für Kaffee-Trinker gibt es die Zwei-Wege oder two-way Kaffe-Tasse oder Physik in der Hand mit dem Handkocher von Empirie. Aber wie findet Google bei Stichworten die richtigen Seiten? Wörter wie Kaffee oder Tasse sind auf vielen Seiten zu finden, eine Suche einfach nach Wörtern wird viel zu viele Ergebnisse liefern. Der Grund, warum Google den Suchmaschinenmarkt umgekrempelt hat, liegt daran, dass sie das Problem mit einem Modell betrachteten: Einerseits werden Wörter auf Seiten gesucht, andererseits werden sie nach einer Art Relevanz sortiert. Eine Art der Relevanz könnte sein, auf welchen Webseiten Menschen sich häufiger befinden. Die Webseiten sind im Hypertext geschrieben und bestehen aus Text und Links wie ein Graph aus Knoten, den Seiten, und Kanten, den Links. Eine Strategie häufige aufgesuchte Seiten zu finden, ist die Simulation von zufälligen Klicks von Menschen. Das Modell sind also Menschen, die dumm auf Links klicken. Das ist ein stochastischer Prozess. Wenn alle Links gleich "groß" und "sichtbar" sind, ist Gleichverteilung beschreibbar als Markov-Kette. Die Wahrscheinlichkeiten aller Seiten liefern eine Übergangsmatrix mit Wahrscheinlichkeiten in den Spalten. Das Matrix-Vektor-Produkt liefert dann die Wahrscheinlichkeit der nächsten Seiten. Ist aber so ein Prozess der Wahrscheinlichkeiten zufälliger Klicks überhaupt konvergent? Wenn es eine Konvergenz gibt, so wird das Ergebnis der Wahrscheinlichkeiten stabil und stellt den Eigenvektor zum höchsten Eigenwert dar. Das beschriebene Verfahren des zufälligen Weiterklickens zum Berechnen der Wahrscheinlichkeiten ist die Potenzmethode zur Bestimmung des Eigenvektors zum größten Eigenwert. Das Verfahren wurde von Sergey Brin and Lawrence Page erdacht und auch etwas dadurch stabilisiert, dass eine gewisse Wahrscheinlichkeit festgelegt wurde, mit der Menschen auf einer Seite verbleiben statt weiter zu klicken. Insgesamt wird das Ergebnis dann in logarithmischer Skala PageRank genannt und hilft die Seiten mit den richtigen Stichworten nach Relevanz zu sortieren.
256 total episodes available
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